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1Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30 1
Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30
Atmospheric Chemistry at UAH
Presented at
Physics DepartmentUAH
Huntsville, Alabama25 January 2003
Investigators
Mike Newchurch
Arastoo Biazar, Dave Bowdle, Kevin Doty, Kirk Fuller, Noor Gillani, Dick McNider, Benjie Norris,
Vandana Srivastava
Mohammed Ayoub, Shi Kuang, Xiong Liu, Jing Song, Da Sun, Yuling Yu
Atmospheric Science Department
University of Alabama in Huntsville
mike@nsstc.uah.edu
Collaborators
Global Hydrology and Climate Center / MSFC
Laboratory for Atmospheres / GSFC
Climate Diagnostics and Monitoring Lab / NOAA
Atmospheric Chemistry Division / NCAR
Aerosol Research Branch / LaRC
Atmospheric Chemistry Division / JPL
Aeronomy Lab / NOAA
National Weather Service
Cal State, Northridge
Cal Tech
Hampton University
Harvard University
Pusan National University, S. Korea
St. Louis University
St. Petersburg University, Russia
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The UAH Atmospheric Chemistry Program
• The atmospheric chemistry program in the UAH Atmospheric Science graduate school includes research in balloon borne, ground-based, and satellite remote sensing of ozone, trace gases and aerosols in both the troposphere and stratosphere
• Time series analysis of those trace gases, especially ozone• Modeling of the processes controlling air quality. • We are building a new laboratory designed to house instruments measuring ozone
and aerosol vertical atmospheric profiles, boundary layer winds from Doppler aerosol backscatter lidar, and aerosol infrared spectra in both laboratory and ambient conditions.
• This new laboratory, The Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center for Discovery, (RAPCD, pronounced rhapsody) will be a state of the science facility housed in the National Space Science and Technology Center.
• It will open this spring and we invite interested researchers to discuss collaborative science with us. Additional information about our program and laboratory is available at nsstc.uah.edu/atmchem.
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ATLASSpace Shuttle Missions
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SAGE
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Ozone Trends in SAGE, HALOE, TOMS, Umkehr, and lidar measurements
Randel, Stolarski, Cunnold, Logan, Newchurch, and Zawodny Science 10 September 1999
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What is Tropospheric Ozone and
Why Do We Care?
• Stratospheric ozone protects us from harmful UV radiation
• Tropospheric ozone is harmful to lifeforms.
– Respiratory problems– Skin cancer– Crop damage
• Sources are both natural and anthropogenic
• Scale ranges from local to global
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Chemistry of Ozone Formation
Tropospheric Ozone Formation From Carbon Monoxide
CO + OH CO2 + HH + O 2 HO2 NO + HO2 NO2 + OHNO2 + h NO + O h < 420 nmO + O 2 + M O 3 + M
Stratospheric Ozone FormationFrom Chapman Chemistry
O2 + h O + OO + O2 + M O3 + MO3 + O 2 O2O3 + h O + O2
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MOZART Tropospheric Ozone --The Movie
First, O3 in green on a horizontal slice at an altitude of ~6km, with CO in red (the isosurface of 200 ppbv (parts per billion)). NOx is added in blue (300 pptv (parts per trillion) isosurface). The horizontal slice is then replaced with the isosurface of 30 ppbv O3, in green.
CO and NOx are products of combustion and high levels can be seen in both industrialized regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and biomass burning regions (Africa and South America). Ozone is produced when CO, NOx and sunlight are all present.
Things to watch for:The location of fires in South America and Africa changes with season. CO concentrations become high near the North Pole during winter because there is not enough sunlight for the photochemical reactions that destroy it. High levels of O3 are seen in the upper troposphere in the tropics as a result of the convection of CO and other chemical species in thunderstorms, and the production of NOx from lightning.
Shortcut to moz-2.qt.lnk
D:\mike6\Papers\Presentations non ref\2000\TOMS00
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Lower-tropospheric OzoneSeasonality and Trends
Newchurch, M. J., X. Liu, J. H. Kim, Seasonality and Trends of lower-tropospheric ozone derived from TOMS near mountainous regions, J. Geophys. Res., submitted, 2000.
Acrobat Document
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CCP Technique
(1) Zonal wave structure of stratospheric ozone (2) R> 80%.(3) THIR-derived cloud- top pressure <200 mb (after adjustment).(4) if no THIR, Low-pass filter is applied to filter low-altitude cloudsNewchurch et al., 2001
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Scan-angle Technique
(1) This is the normalized difference of TORE between that at nadir and high-scan positions as a function of altitude
(2) The average kernel shows a broad response with its peak centered at 5-km altitude, suggesting that the diff of retrieved total ozone btw nadir and high scan angle can be used to derive trop ozone.
Kim et al., JAS, 2001
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Tropospheric ozone from six satellite-based methods in Sep 1997
Surface/Boundary-Layer/Free
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Effect of Tropical Lightning on Ozone
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Shirase Indian Ocean Ozone Plume
Acrobat Document
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Huntsville Ozonesonde Station
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Huntsville Ozonesonde Station
Acrobat Document
Acrobat Document
Acrobat Document
Sonde record to date
Old Hickory Daily Sondes
Lift and Cook
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Meteorological models
Emissions model
Analysispackages
Chemistry
Clouds
Aerosols
Diffusion
Advection
Chemistry - Transport model
Bott scheme
K-theory
TKE
2nd order closure
Modal
Sectional
Smolarkiewicz
RADM2
Carbon Bond IV
SAPRC-90
Kuo convection
Kain-Fritschshallow
CMAQ AdaptabilityCMAQ Adaptability
Plume-in-Grid
MEPSEs
Subgrid-scale Plume
Treatment
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generator
915 MHzradar antenna
(without clutter panels)
sodar
5 m mast
wind
pyranometer GPS receiver
T, RH
electronics inside
ceilometer
(Without clutter panels -- 15 min setup time)
Mobile Integrated Profiler Configuration
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GHCC/USWRP Satellite Assimilation ProjectGHCC/USWRP Satellite Assimilation Project
FSL
*Indicates regions of differential heating
*Distinguishes clear/cloudy regions
*Have high spatial and temporal resolution
AVHRR Land Use GOES SkinTemperature
GHCC Activities:
Applications of Research:
•Develop and test GOES retrieval and assimilation algorithm for NWP models
•Assess quality of NESDIS products
•Provide model and satellite products to NWS and public via internet
•Insure transfer of research to operational community
•Operational Forecasting
•Regional-Scale Air Quality Studies
•Improved Understanding Of Land/Atmosphere Interactions
The GOES Land Surface Data:
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Example of MSFC Ground-based Doppler Lidar
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NPS: Annual average extinction coefficients (Mm-1 )
Huntsville, AL. A Researcher’s Paradisefor Science of the Atmospheric Aerosol
‘Hot Topics’ in Aerosols and Forcing
Chemical composition• Speciation• Hygroscopicity
Physical properties• Size distribution• Morphology
Radiometric Properties• Extinction• Scattering• Absorption• Polarimetric
Forcing / Remote Sensing• Optical depth• Albedo• Polarization• Distribution of scattered light• Vertical structure
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How well can we model the ozone variation?
(July 4) (July 19) (July 24)(June29)
TN
LON: -86.57, LAT: 36.25
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NSSTC Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center
for DiscoveryRAPCD
Acrobat Document
Doppler lidar bench
FTIR benchtrop aerosol lidar bench
strat /trop lidar bench
~NORTH
horizontalsky-view
Janu ary 10, 2001each f loorspace square i s 2 f t x 2 f t; each laboratory fl oorspace is 20 ft E to W x 22.5 f t N to S
white circles wi th soli d borders show posi tions of l ight chi mneys, accurate to 1/2 i nch, and interior diametersfaded blue blocks around light chimneys show opt ical benches in laboratories below
cherry pi cker boom circle indicates minim um boom length
scanner
FTIR LAB ROOF PLANLIDAR LAB ROOF PLAN
ped estal
on roo f for5 ft cherry
picker
48”30”
30” 30”
semi-t ransparent green bl ock shows elevatedscanner platform on roof,
15 ft E to W and 26 ft N to Sapprox 2 f t clearance on outer walkway
9’
13’
17’
13’ 9”
13’
11’
8’ 3”
13’ 9”
26’
21’ 8”
support pi llar
8 footDoppler
lidarscancircle
ped estalon roo f for 7 ft cherry
picker
ped estalon roo f for 7 ft cherry
picker
30” 30”
30” 30”
7 footrooflidar
domeon
8 footbase
8’ 3”
Acrobat DocumentOzone Lidar
Doppler Lidar Scanner
Lockedat zenith
Grating TopDome Floor
Roof Top
DomeSidewall
RailingHorizontal FTIR
Solar FTIR
Lid Closed
Lid Closed
Lid
Op
en
Lid
Op
en
Dome Floor
Chimney 2
Chimney 4
Chimney 5
Chimney 1
Dome Legs
Dome Shutters
Dome
Chimney 3
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NSSTC Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center
for DiscoveryRAPCD
MEASUREMENTS•Atmospheric profiles of aerosols, gases, winds, temperature
•Tunable lidar and ozonesondes•O3, NO2, H2O, CO2, CH4, N2O, NH3, PAN, Isoprene
•Aerosols and clouds with lidar, sodar, and ceilometer•ice/water discrimination with lidar depolarization signals•Winds with Doppler lidar, Doppler radar, and sonde•Temperature with RASS and sonde
•Ground-based radiation•Column-integrated aerosols and gases with FTIR, MFRSR, Brewer
•Characteristics of atmospheric aerosols with FTIR and MOUDI•Optical properties•Chemical composition•Water uptake, reactivity with other trace gases
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NSSTC Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center
for DiscoveryRAPCD
APPLICATIONS •Modeling of Chemistry and Aerosols
•MODELS-3 regional air pollution•Stratospheric/Tropospheric Exchange•PBL convection/entrainment/venting•Large Eddy Simulation•Lightning NOx impact on ozone•Regional climate forcing•Visual air quality
•Satellite validation•Tropospheric ozone (TOMS, OMI, TES, AIRS, GOME, SCHIMACHY)•SO2, HCHO, NO2•Aerosols (MISR, MODIS, NPOESS, TOMS)•Winds (GTWS)
Acrobat Document
Aerosol Radiative Forcing
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NSSTC Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center
for DiscoveryRAPCD
APPLICATIONSDiurnal and long-term investigation of
•ozone and aerosol climatology, horizontal and vertical transport•heterogeneous chemistry, including gas to particle conversion•cloud venting of chemical pollutants•moisture effects on visibility•correlation between ozone profiles and synoptic and regional scale weather•stratosphere as a source for local and regional ozone pollution.
•Combine with similar systems in the NE and Rocky Mountains to•Investigate large scale budgets and transport of ozone and aerosol •assess model predictions
•Unique in the world as a research tool for both scientists and students.
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FUTURE
• Using
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