1. Human – the end-user of a program – the others in the organization Computer – the machine...

Prepare by wafaa hamza fadwel 1

Human-Computer Interaction• Human

– the end-user of a program– the others in the organization

• Computer– the machine the program runs on– often split between clients & servers

• Interaction– the user tells the computer what they want– the computer communicates results

What is HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

Human-Computer Interaction

(HCI) is a term refer to the

understanding and designing of

different relationships between

people and computers

system concerned to study,

design, construction and

implementation of human-

centric interactive computer

systems

What is HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

Goals of Hci

basic goal :improve the interactions between

users and computers by making computers

more usable and receptive to the user's needs.

A long term goal :is to design systems that

minimize the barrier between the human's

cognitive model of what they want to accomplish

and the computer's understanding of the user's

task.

Goals of Hci

Overview: Map of Human Computer Interaction

Input and Output Devices

Dialogue Techniques

Dialogue Genre

Application Areas

Ergonomics

Evaluation Techniques

Design Approaches

Implementation Techniques and Tools

Example Systems and Case Studies

Human

Language ,Communication and Interaction

Human Information Processing

Use and Context

Human-Machine Fit and AdaptationSocial Organization and Work

ComputerComputer

Graphics

Dialogue Architecture

Development Process

A a

Human characteristics

1- Human information

processing, memory,

perception, motor

skills, attention,

problem-solving ,

learning and skill

acquisition, motivation

, conceptual models.

Human characteristics,2-Language, communication and interaction

• aspects of language

- syntax, semantics, pragmatics; conversational

interaction, specialized languages

Human characteristics

3- Ergonomics

• anthropometric and

physiological

characteristics of

people and their

relationship to

workspace and the

environment.

Why study human use of computer systems?

• Business view:

– to use humans more productively/effectively

– the human costs now far outweigh hardware and

software costs

• Personal view:

– people view computers as appliances, and want it

to perform as one

Why study human use of computer systems?

• Marketplace view:

– everyday people using computers

• now expect “easy to use system”

• not tolerant of poorly designed systems

– if product is hard to use, people will seek

other products

Why study human use of computer systems?

• The system view:

– complex human

– complex computer

– complex interface between the two

Why study human use of computer systems?

• The human factors view:

– humans have limitations

– errors are costly in terms of

• loss of time

• loss of money

• loss of morale

– design can cope with such limitations!

Why study human use of computer systems?

• The social view:

• Computers contribute to critical parts of our

society, and cannot be ignored

– educate our children

– take medical histories and provide expert

advice

– keep track of our credit worthiness

Design

What is HCI?Organizational &

Social Issues

Technology Humans

Task

There are four different issues involved in HCI.

The 1st is concerned with technological

innovation to meet the user's particular needs

Better output devices, like display monitors

Improved input devices, like electronic pen

There are four different issues involved in HCI.

The 2nd is concerned with the cognitive characteristics

(background and knowledge of the users) including:

• Their knowledge representation, reasoning strategies,

and the types of decisions they prefer in solving

problems.

There are four different issues involved in HCI.

The 3rd is concerned with the tasks which

the users wish to carry out.

Is it complex tasks (e.g. controlling a nuclear

power station) or simple tasks (e.g. writing

letters).

The 4th is concerned with the types of

interfaces available.

WHO IS INVOLVED IN HCI?HCI is undoubtedly a multi-disciplinary subject. The

ideal designer of an interactive system would have

expertise in a range of topics:

psychology and cognitive science

to give his knowledge of the users perceptual

Cognitive and Problem- solving skills.

ergonomics for the user’s physical capabilities

WHO IS INVOLVED IN HCI?sociology to help her understand the wider

context of the interaction.

computer science and engineering to be able

to build the necessary technology.

business to be able to market it

Graphic design to produce an effective

interface presentation.

WHO IS INVOLVED IN HCI?

technical writing to produce the manuals,

Professionals in HCI

• Interaction designers

– involved in the design of all the interactive aspects of a product

• User interface architect

– Term often used for member of software team for interface issues

• Usability engineers

– focus on evaluating products, using usability methods and principles

Professionals in HCI/IDSome often used terms

• Web designers

– develop and create the visual design of websites, such as

layouts

• Information architects

– how to plan and structure knowledge rich interactive products

THEORY AND HCIUnfortunately for us, there is no general

and unified theory of HCI that we can

present. there is an underlying principle

that forms the basis of our own views on

HCI ,and it is captured in our claim that

people use computers to accomplish work.

THEORY AND HCI

This outlines the three major issues of concern:

the people

the computers

the tasks that are performed.

The system must support the user’s task, which

gives us a fourth focus, usability…..

Conclusion

HCI depends on computer operating as an

intermediary, achieving appropriate

interaction through a variety of I/O

devices