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Formal Commands!Formal Commands!
Ten-Hut!
In this presentation, you will learn about making commands in Spanish.
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Commands in English…Commands in English…
… are pretty easy. You just use a base verb form (without a subject, since it’s always “you”) to tell people what they should do:
Stand up! Sit down! Do your homework! Take out the garbage! Be quiet!
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Commands in English…Commands in English…
… and what they shouldn’t do: Don’t write in your books!
Don’t speak English in Spanish class!
Don’t be silly!
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Commands in Spanish…Commands in Spanish…
… are little more complicated because we have so many ways of saying “you”:
Tú: informal, singular Vosotros: informal, plural
Ud.: formal, singular Uds.: formal, plural
However, we will concentrate on the formal commands only.
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Let’s look at a few Let’s look at a few examples!examples!
Hable despacio, por favor.¡Repita, por favor.!Siéntese Ud. aquí.Entreguen Uds. la tarea.Hagan el ejercicio B.No hagan el ejercicio A.¡No se levante Ud.!¡No corran en la clase!
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Hable despacio, por Hable despacio, por favor.favor.
The speaker is talking to one person.Can you figure out how we got the form “hable”?Take the “yo” form of the present: HABLODrop the –o: HABL-“Hablar” is an –AR verb, so add –E to form the command: HABLE
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Repita, por favor.Repita, por favor.
The speaker is talking to one person.Can you figure out how we got the form “repita”?Take the “yo” form of the present: REPITODrop the –o: REPIT-“Repetir” is an –IR verb, so add –A to form the command: REPITA
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Opposite vowelsOpposite vowels
Think of the verb adding the “opposite vowel”:AR verbs add an –E.ER & IR verbs add an –A.
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Let’s try a couple!Let’s try a couple!
Comer: ¡______ Ud.!¡Coma Ud.!Escribir: ¡_____ Ud.!¡Escriba Ud.!Tomar: ¡_____ Ud.!¡Tome Ud.!Entregar: ¡_____ la tarea!
¡Entregue la tarea! Note the spelling change because of the final –g sound.
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Uds…Uds…
Entreguen Uds. la tarea.Right! Just add an –N to the command form when you are talking to more than one person.
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Let’s try a couple Let’s try a couple more!more!
Comer: ¡______ Uds.!¡Coman Uds.!Escribir: ¡_____ Uds.!¡Escriban Uds.!Tomar: ¡_____ Uds.!¡Tomen Uds.!Comenzar: ¡_____ el examen!
¡Comiencen el examen! Note the spelling change because of the final –z.
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¡Levántese!¡Levántese!
What about reflexive verbs?¡Levántese! / ¡Siéntese!In affirmative commands, all objects are attached to the end of the verb. Levante + se Levanten + se
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¡No!¡No!
How do we make negative commands in Spanish? ¡No fume! ¡No tome café! ¡No coma tanto!
Right – simply put the word NO in front of the command form.
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¡No se levante!¡No se levante!
What about reflexive verbs?¡No se levante! ¡No se siénte!In negative commands, all objects precede the verb. No se levante. No se levanten. No se siente. No se sienten.
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Some irregularsSome irregulars
What would a lesson be without a few irregulars to make it interesting?? Can you guess where these forms come from?
Haga la tarea. Tenga paciencia. Salga ahora. Vuelva a casa. Piense bien. ¡Sé bueno! ¡Esté tranquila!
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¿Qué pasa?¿Qué pasa?
Haga la tarea. Hacer > yo hago > -o + -a
Tenga paciencia. Tener > yo tengo > -o + -a
Salga ahora. Salir > yo salgo > - o + -a
Vuelva a casa. Volver > yo vuelvo > -o + -a
Piense bien. Pensar > yo pienso > -o + -eThese verbs follow the same formula: start with the yo form, drop the –o, and add the opposite vowel.
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Sé, esté, dé, sepa, Sé, esté, dé, sepa, vayavaya
These five verbs are very irregular for a good reason:
Ser > yo soy Estar > yo estoy Dar > yo doy Saber > yo sé Ir > yo voy
The yo form does not end in an –o, so there is no –o to drop when forming the command form.
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¡Terminemos por ahora!¡Terminemos por ahora!
That’s all for now, but learn this concept well – the command form will be very important when we learn about our last verb form this semester – the subjunctive.
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