1 Components of Criminal Justice PoliceCourtsCorrections The Criminal Justice System
Preview:
Citation preview
- Slide 1
- 1 Components of Criminal Justice PoliceCourtsCorrections The
Criminal Justice System
- Slide 2
- Police Gate Keepers Courts Seeking Truth Corrections Carrying
out the sentence 2
- Slide 3
- 3 Role of the Police Maintain order Investigation and Arrest
Provide emergency service GATE KEEPERS
- Slide 4
- 4 Role of the Courts To seek truth & obtain justice To
adjudicate & sentence Different courts: Misdemeanor Felony
Appellate
- Slide 5
- 5 Corrections Carrying out the Sentence Probation Intermediate
Sanctions Prisons Post-Release Supervision What does corrections
correct?
- Slide 6
- 6 Juvenile Justice System Separate System since roughly 1900
Delinquents Juveniles who Commit Crime Status Offenders Truants,
runaways, incorrigible youth
- Slide 7
- Law to Regulate CJS Actors Procedural Law Controls the actions
of people who work in the criminal justice system. Defines the
rights of criminal defendants. Jude Law Actor in such films as
Gattica, Sherlock Holmes, and Cold Mountain. 7
- Slide 8
- 8 The POLICE Precursors to Modern Police The Development of
Modern Police Current Law Enforcement in the U.S. Functions of
Police Issues and Controversies in Policing
- Slide 9
- 9 Precursors to Modern Police Earliest forms of Policing Date
to at least 9 th Century England Pledge system Hundreds constable
Shires shire reeve Night Watchmen Justice of Peace
- Slide 10
- 10 Early American Law Enforcement Followed the English Model
County Sheriff most prominent Many duties Paid by a fee system
Nights Watch, marshals in some cities Wild West period
Vigilantism
- Slide 11
- 11 The Birth of Modern Policing England, 1829 Sir Robert Peel
Metropolitan London Police force of 1,000 officers Bobbies
Distinctive uniforms, military structure Alternative to the use of
military to suppress the dangerous classes that created disorder in
English cities
- Slide 12
- 20 th Century American Policing Political Era Professional Era
Community Policing Era 12
- Slide 13
- Political Era Development of police agencies prompted by mob
violence. Fear of underclass by wealthy Fear of urban street crime
by public. First Police Department opened in Boston in 1838 First
full time = New York City (1844) 13
- Slide 14
- 14 Political Era II Police were incompetent, disliked and
corrupt. Appointed by politicians (patronage system) Muscle for
reigning political powers/capitalist elites Created and/or used to
crush labor strikes No job security Control the rising number of
foreign immigrants Brutality common (Delegated Vigilantism)
- Slide 15
- Professional Era Civil Service development Technology Telegraph
boxes, motorcycles, cars, radios, computers, in-dash cameras More
control of uniformed patrol, but less informal interaction with
citizens Reform movements August Vollmer College degrees, better
pay, more citizen respect, etc. 15
- Slide 16
- Turmoil of the 1960s/70s Professional image takes a beating
Response to civil rights, Viet Nam protests, etc Socially
conservative police as disconnected from a rapidly changing society
Government reports + Science Police as poorly trained and
innefective 16
- Slide 17
- The Community Policing Era 1980s 2000s = Innovation Get law
enforcers back into the community Problem Solving Broken Windows
(1982) and Order Maintenance More technology GIS, on-demand
statistics 17
- Slide 18
- 18 Federal Law Enforcement Department of Justice U.S. Marshalls
FBI DEA (Drug enforcement) ATF (Alcohol, tobacco, and firearms) DHS
(Homeland security) USBP (Border Patrol) Secret Service ICE
(Immigration and Customs enforcement)
- Slide 19
- 19 The FBI The Mann Act investigators to enforce Eventually,
organized as FBI under Hoover Responsible for investigating all
violations of federal laws that are not covered by other agencies
Bank Robberies Civil Rights Violations Many white collar
crimes
- Slide 20
- Career Issue What I hear I want to be a federal law enforcement
agent (FBI, Marshal), but not a city cop Reality The FBI hires
mostly people with some law enforcement and/or military background.
The FBI seeks those with accounting, computer, and law backgrounds
Best bet may be to enter the federal system wherever possible
(Border Patrol) 20
- Slide 21
- 21 Between Federal and Municipal County Law Enforcement
Sheriffs Office Responsible for policing non-city areas State
Police Every state but Hawaii Power/function depends upon strength
of Sheriff Traffic enforcement with Separate BCA Full police
jurisdiction over non-municipal areas
- Slide 22
- 22 Metropolitan (city) police Large variation in size New York
City = 36,000 officers Average city = 50 or fewer officers Duluth
PD = 150 officers + 30 Staff Police Departments are typically their
own political entity BUT, chief is appointed by mayor
- Slide 23
- 23 Functions of the Police Law enforcement Order maintenance
Service
- Slide 24
- 24 Law Enforcement PATROL Since beginning, police have
patrolled a beat Purpose is to DETER crime KC Preventative Patrol
Directed Patrols or Saturation Patrols Investigation Proactive vs.
Reactive Effectiveness?
- Slide 25
- 25 Investigation Critical = information at crime scene Bulk of
time is spent on reports Clearance Rate
- Slide 26
- Career Issues What I hear: Id like to be a homicide (or violent
crime) detective, but I dont want to be just a patrol officer.
Reality Pretty much all detectives start out as uniformed patrol
officers. Why would an agency hire a college graduate with no law
enforcement experience as a detective? 26
- Slide 27
- 27 The Other police functions Traffic Control Social Work
Activities Order maintenance, problem solving James Q Wilson
Handling the Situation THE IRONY is that within police departments,
the social work function is often considered bullshit work Only 20%
of police time involves real police work
- Slide 28
- 28 What Should Police be Doing? Traditional Legalistic Model
Patrol and respond to calls Still viewed as real police work by
many agencies and officers New models since the 1980s Community
Oriented Policing Broken windows / order maintenance Problem
Oriented Policing
- Slide 29
- 29 Community Oriented Policing A policy implication of social
disorganization theory Focus on neighborhood and linking together
informal control with formal (police) control Build cohesion, get
to know people in neighborhood, help citizens solve neighborhood
problems Examples of policy Foot Patrols Community Sub-stations COP
Officers Assigned to Neighborhoods
- Slide 30
- 30 Problem Oriented Policing Herman Goldstein coined this term.
Similar to C.O.P. Police should solve problems in a particular
neighborhood. Different = More aggressive Crime Specific
Crackdowns, Targeting Crime Hot spots Focused Deterrence (Dont
Shoot stuff) fits with this style Open air drug markets, gang
violence
- Slide 31
- Order Maintenance/Broken Windows Wilson and Kelling The Broken
Windows Thesis Implication of broken windows for policing? Order
Maintenance New York City zero tolerance Times Square Clear out
panhandlers, squeegee men, prostitutes 31
- Slide 32
- Intelligence Led Policing Roots in Kansas City Preventative
Patrol, and Minneapolis Domestic Violence experiemnts Use
scientific evidence to direct police New York CompStat Use of GIS
David Kennedy and others Use of Universities to collect and analyze
data on offenders/gangs 32
- Slide 33
- 33 Effectiveness of C.O.P. or Problem Orientated Policing
Effectiveness Depends Some C.O.P. programs have improved community
relations and reduced fear of crime. Some Problem Oriented Policing
programs have suppressed/reduced crime in certain locations. Dont
Shoot Boston Gun Project Order Maintenance crackdowns have strained
community-police relations in some areas Amadou Diallo shooting and
other high-profile cases
- Slide 34
- 34 Police and the Rule of Law Procedural Laws in Policing
Miranda rights Search and Seizure Police Use of Force
- Slide 35
- 35 Fourth Amendment The right of the people to be secure in
their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable
searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall
issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation
and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the
persons or things to be seized.
- Slide 36
- 36 Search and Seizure In order to search people, cars, or
homes, police generally need a warrant Exceptions Incident to
Arrest Stop and Frisk Automobile Search Consent Search Plain
View
- Slide 37
- 37 Exclusionary Rule The exclusionary rule is not in the
Constitution. It is the product of the United State Supreme Court
Weeks v. U.S. (1914) Mapp v. Ohio (1961) The exclusionary rule is
not in the Constitution. It is the product of the United State
Supreme Court Weeks v. U.S. (1914) Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
- Slide 38
- 38 Fifth Amendment Focuses on admissibility of illegally
obtained confessions and self-incrimination Contains due process
for Federal Government Miranda Rights You have the right to remain
silent
- Slide 39
- 39 Police Use of Force Coercive Force is a Part of Policing How
much force is necessary in a situation? Wrongful Use vs.
Disproportionate Use
- Slide 40
- The use of Deadly Force Tennessee v. Garner (1985) Fleeing
Felon Trend of police killings (and killings of police) have been
downward Most department have guidelines for when police may
discharge firearm Review boards for firearm discharge +
administrative leave 40
- Slide 41
- 41 Other Policing Issues Use of Discretion Police only arrest a
small % of all suspectswhich ones? Police Subcultures Police
personality vs. stress of job Police corruption and professional
courtesy