1 Animal Science Agriscience Applications 2 Objective Investigate careers related to the field of...

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Animal ScienceAnimal Science

Agriscience Agriscience ApplicationsApplications

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ObjectiveObjective

Investigate careers related to the field of Investigate careers related to the field of animal scienceanimal science

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Careers in AgriscienceCareers in Agriscience

Most entry-level jobs require a high Most entry-level jobs require a high school diplomaschool diploma

20% require college degrees20% require college degrees Some careers require advanced degreesSome careers require advanced degrees

VeterinarianVeterinarian Highly technical task (embryo transfer)Highly technical task (embryo transfer)

High school agriculture class is a good High school agriculture class is a good startstart

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Careers in AgriscienceCareers in Agriscience

The largest number of employment The largest number of employment positions are engineers & scientistspositions are engineers & scientists

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ObjectiveObjective

Examine tools related to the animal Examine tools related to the animal science industryscience industry

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Animal Science ToolsAnimal Science Tools

Candling LightCandling Light View the interior of eggsView the interior of eggs

Castration toolsCastration tools BurdizzoBurdizzo CastratorCastrator

Artificial InseminationArtificial Insemination Artificial vagina to collect semenArtificial vagina to collect semen Insemination straw for the disposition of semen Insemination straw for the disposition of semen

into the femaleinto the female

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CandlingCandling

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Animal Science ToolsAnimal Science Tools

Management toolsManagement tools DehornerDehorner Rectal thermometerRectal thermometer Syringe for injectionsSyringe for injections ““V” notcher for identification of swineV” notcher for identification of swine

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Animal Science ToolsAnimal Science Tools

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ObjectiveObjective

Analyze the various breeds of beef, Analyze the various breeds of beef, swine and poultry as related to use and swine and poultry as related to use and the economic value of eachthe economic value of each

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Beef BreedsBeef Breeds

English Breeds (European, English Breeds (European, Bos Bos taurustaurus))Angus- black breed with excellent meat Angus- black breed with excellent meat

qualityqualityHereford- red with a white faceHereford- red with a white faceShorthorn- used in the bloodline of more Shorthorn- used in the bloodline of more

than 30 other breedsthan 30 other breeds

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AngusAngus

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HerefordHereford

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ShorthornShorthorn

1515

Exotic BreedsExotic Breeds

CharolaisCharolais white color and a stocky body white color and a stocky body

LimousineLimousine golden red body colorgolden red body color

SimmentalSimmental red body with white spots on face and legs red body with white spots on face and legs

some are solidsome are solid

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CharolaisCharolais

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LimousineLimousine

Moo

1818

SimmentalSimmental

1919

American BreedsAmerican Breeds

Good heat toleranceGood heat tolerance Good at resisting diseaseGood at resisting disease Resulted from crossing Brahman cattle Resulted from crossing Brahman cattle

from India with English breedsfrom India with English breeds

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BrahmanBrahman

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BeefmasterBeefmaster

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BrangusBrangus

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Beef BreedsBeef Breeds

Breeds in America have been developed Breeds in America have been developed by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic by crossing (breeding) English and Exotic Breeds from IndiaBreeds from India

Resulted in:Resulted in: Increased heat toleranceIncreased heat tolerance Parasite (worms, lice) resistanceParasite (worms, lice) resistance Resist diseaseResist disease

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Dairy Dairy BreedsBreeds

HolstineHolstine 90% of the dairy cattle in the US90% of the dairy cattle in the US Black and whiteBlack and white Leading producer of milkLeading producer of milk Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk Produce about 18,000 lbs. Of milk

per cow per yearper cow per year

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Dairy BreedsDairy Breeds

Other BreedsOther Breeds Guernsey- fawn and whiteGuernsey- fawn and white Jersey- cream to light fawn to almost blackJersey- cream to light fawn to almost black

• Number one in Number one in milk fatmilk fat

Ayrshire-cherry red and whiteAyrshire-cherry red and white Brown Swiss- solid brownBrown Swiss- solid brown

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HolsteinHolstein

The folks at Chik-fil-a obviously don’t know that a Holstein is a dairy cow

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JerseyJerseyNotice the lack of muscle as compared to a beef cow

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Swine and Swine and Poultry Poultry BreedsBreeds

Objective: Analyze the difference Objective: Analyze the difference between swine and poultrybetween swine and poultry

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Some Famous PigsSome Famous Pigs

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Swine BreedsSwine Breeds

American LandraceAmerican Landrace DurocDuroc Chester WhiteChester White HampshireHampshire YorkshireYorkshire

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American LandraceAmerican Landrace

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DurocDuroc

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Chester WhiteChester White

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HampshireHampshire

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YorkshireYorkshire

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More Famous PigsMore Famous Pigs

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Swine IndustrySwine Industry

The swine industry has changed from the The swine industry has changed from the lard type hog to a lean type demanded by lard type hog to a lean type demanded by consumers todayconsumers today

Types of operations:Types of operations: Feeder-pigFeeder-pig Market-hogMarket-hog Farrow to FinishFarrow to Finish

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Swine IndustrySwine Industry

Purebred producers produce high quality Purebred producers produce high quality boars:boars: Improves the genetic make-upImproves the genetic make-up Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to Purebreds are crossed with regular sows to

increase hybrid vigorincrease hybrid vigor

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Poultry ProductionPoultry Production

Classified as:Classified as: BroilersBroilers

Grown for meatGrown for meat

LayersLayers egg producersegg producers

White Leghorn are used mostly for egg White Leghorn are used mostly for egg productionproduction

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Broiler or layer Broiler or layer operation?operation?

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Inside a broiler houseInside a broiler house

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LayersLayers

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Poultry IndustryPoultry Industry

Another Class of Chicken is the BantamAnother Class of Chicken is the Bantam Miniature versions of standard breedsMiniature versions of standard breeds Primarily for showPrimarily for show

90% of the turkeys grown are broad 90% of the turkeys grown are broad breasted whitesbreasted whites

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Poultry IndustryPoultry Industry

Dutch Bantam Chicken

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Carcass and Parts Carcass and Parts Grading (do not have to Grading (do not have to write)write)

Exposed Flesh Exposed Flesh (2 pound to 6 pound birds)(2 pound to 6 pound birds)

Grade AGrade A Breast and leg can not have over 1/4 inchBreast and leg can not have over 1/4 inch Other parts can have a maximum of 1 and 1/2 Other parts can have a maximum of 1 and 1/2

inchesinches

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Carcass and Parts Carcass and Parts GradingGrading

Exposed Flesh Exposed Flesh (continued)(continued)

Grade BGrade B No more than 1/3 of the total flesh of each No more than 1/3 of the total flesh of each

particular part can be exposedparticular part can be exposed Meat yield cannot be affected (i.e. no missing Meat yield cannot be affected (i.e. no missing

meat)meat)

Grade CGrade C No limitNo limit

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What Grade is What Grade is this?this?

Grade A

No Defects

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B Grade

Back is cut out halfway between the base of the tail and the hip joints

What Grade is this?What Grade is this?

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B Grade.

Parts of wing

removed beyond

the second joint

What Grade is this?What Grade is this?

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C Grade.

Entire wing

removed

What Grade is this?What Grade is this?

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C grade

Protruding broken bone in wing tip

What Grade is this?What Grade is this?

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Animal NutritionAnimal Nutrition

ObjectiveObjective: Determine the nutritional : Determine the nutritional requirements for livestock and requirements for livestock and poultry breeds found in North poultry breeds found in North CarolinaCarolina

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Turn to page 519. Define Turn to page 519. Define the terms.the terms.

NutritionNutrition ObesityObesity RationRation VitaminVitamin MineralMineral ProteinProtein CarbohydratesCarbohydrates HormonesHormones RuminantRuminant RumenRumen

RoughageRoughage MonogastricMonogastric ConcentratesConcentrates FatFat SupplementSupplement Feed additiveFeed additive AntibioticAntibiotic TDNTDN Green roughageGreen roughage SilageSilage

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Major NutrientsMajor Nutrients WaterWater ProteinProtein CarbohydratesCarbohydrates MineralsMinerals VitaminsVitamins Fats and OilsFats and Oils

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WaterWater Largest component of all living Largest component of all living

thingsthings Animals tissue is about 75%Animals tissue is about 75%

Regulates body temperatureRegulates body temperature PerspirationPerspiration

Transports nutrientsTransports nutrients Involved in all biochemical Involved in all biochemical

reactionsreactions

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ProteinsProteins Major component of muscles and tissuesMajor component of muscles and tissues Made up of amino acidsMade up of amino acids Continuously needed to replace dying Continuously needed to replace dying

body cellsbody cells Young animals need large amounts for Young animals need large amounts for

growthgrowth

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CarbohydratesCarbohydrates Composed of sugar and starchesComposed of sugar and starches Provide energy and heatProvide energy and heat Make up 75% of most animal rationsMake up 75% of most animal rations Main source:Main source:

CornCorn Cereal grainsCereal grains

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MineralsMinerals 15 essential minerals:15 essential minerals:

Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc.Calcium, phosphorus, sodium, etc. Example: calcium is needed in poultry for Example: calcium is needed in poultry for

eggshell developmenteggshell development

Minerals are supplied by:Minerals are supplied by: Naturally Naturally Mineral supplementsMineral supplements

Mineral (lick) blocksMineral (lick) blocks

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VitaminsVitamins Needed in small quantitiesNeeded in small quantities Need for vitamins varies from species to Need for vitamins varies from species to

speciesspecies Sources:Sources:

Naturally found in feedNaturally found in feed Feed additives made from animal by-Feed additives made from animal by-

productsproducts Made by the body itselfMade by the body itself

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Fats and OilsFats and Oils Only needed in small amountsOnly needed in small amounts Improves:Improves:

FlavorFlavor PalatabilityPalatability TextureTexture

Increases fattening and milk productionIncreases fattening and milk production Carriers of some vitaminsCarriers of some vitamins

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Classes of FeedClasses of Feed

ConcentratesConcentrates Low in fiberLow in fiber Cereal grainsCereal grains Animal and Plant by-productsAnimal and Plant by-products

Roughages (high fiber)Roughages (high fiber) Dry roughage is hayDry roughage is hay Green roughage includes pasturesGreen roughage includes pastures Silage is roughage fermented from green Silage is roughage fermented from green

chopchop

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TDNTDN Total Digestible NutrientsTotal Digestible Nutrients

Concentrates are high in TDNConcentrates are high in TDN

Roughages are low in TDNRoughages are low in TDN

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Animal Animal Digestive Digestive SystemsSystemsObjectiveObjective: Compare animal : Compare animal digestive systems of beef, swine, digestive systems of beef, swine, and poultryand poultry

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RuminantsRuminants

Ruminant Digestive System

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RuminantsRuminants

Cattle, sheep, goats, deerCattle, sheep, goats, deer Four compartments to their stomachFour compartments to their stomach Can eat more roughage in their dietCan eat more roughage in their diet

GrassGrass HayHay SilageSilage Green ChopGreen Chop

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MonogastricMonogastric

Simple Digestive System

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MonogastricMonogastric Swine, horses, rabbits, humansSwine, horses, rabbits, humans Stomach has one compartmentStomach has one compartment Rations must be high in concentratesRations must be high in concentrates

GrainsGrains CornCorn

Animals can not digest large amounts of Animals can not digest large amounts of fiber or roughagefiber or roughage

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PoultryPoultry

ChickensChickens TurkeysTurkeys DucksDucks GeeseGeese                                   

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PoultryPoultry No true stomachNo true stomach Can not store large amounts of foodCan not store large amounts of food Birds do not have teeth for chewingBirds do not have teeth for chewing Food is swallowed wholeFood is swallowed whole

Stored in cropStored in crop Ground up in the gizzardGround up in the gizzard