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Objectives Explain how to implement green fleets Learn about incentives for utilizing idle
reduction technologies and strategies Learn about the availability and cost of
idle reduction technologies and strategies
Identify the advantages of idle reduction technologies and strategies
Understand the performance of vehicles with idle reduction technologies
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Why use green fleets? Reduce operating costs Reduce greenhouse gas
emissions Improve corporate image
Greening of Fleets
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How to Implement Green Fleets Get buy-in Create long-term objectives Avoid setting reduction goals in
absolute numbers Anticipate obstacles Move slowly Improve vehicle use Track and report progress
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Petroleum and emissions reduction strategy
Idle = speed at which ICEs rotate under no throttle or load
Tachometer displays engine speed
Smooth engine operation for vehicle acceleration from stop and adequate oil pressure
Idle Reduction in Fleets
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Transportation and convenience idling
Technologies, policies, practices to reduce engine idle time
Strategies and technologies to reduce both transportation and convenience idling
Figure 1: The engine tachometer showing a vehicle’s idle speed. Source: NAFTC.
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Idle Reduction Strategies Any reduction in idle time = fuel
savings Avoid traffic by planning trips Fleet guidelines to reduce idle
time Reductions = immediate savings
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Idle Reduction Technologies New technologies, improved fuel
economy and reduced emissions Light-, medium-, and heavy-duty
vehicle fuel savings Idle shutoff functions, mild hybrid
technologies APUs for long haul trucks TSE implementation
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Incentives Partnership initiatives and pooled
resources Financial subsidiaries Informational tools
Initial cost vs. federal and state incentives
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA)
Clean Cities Program
Incentives for using Idle Reduction in Fleets
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Tax Incentives Federal and state incentives for
alternative fuels and advanced technology vehicles
Implementation of idle reduction equipment
Funding and partnership opportunities for idle reduction technologies
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For a list of qualifying tax exempt idle reduction equipment, visit http://www.epa.gov/smartway/technology/excise-tax.htm.
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Federal Grant Funding Federal government = largest
grant provider U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) U.S. Department of Transportation
(DOT) Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) U.S. Department of Agriculture
(USDA)
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State Grant Funding State Energy Office (SEO) National Association of State
Energy Officials directory Alternative Fuels Data Center map
To find state-specific information, visitwww.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws/state
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Idle Reduction Laws Generally limit the time a vehicle
is idling No idle zones Schools Individual rules for each city/area
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To search local idle restrictions, visit http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/vehicles/idle_reduction_laws.html.
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Light-Duty Block Heaters
Utilize grid power to maintain engine temperature
Heavy-duty vehicles Reduce problems associated with
cold starts
Idle Reduction Availability and Cost
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Light- and Medium-Duty Mild Hybrids
Idle shutoff function Utilizes small battery pack and MG Small amounts of energy Onboard energy storage
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Light-Duty New Idle Shutoff Technologies
Reduced energy needed to restart engine
One way clutch technology Micro-hybrid systems
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Heavy-Duty HOS requirements Average truck idles for more than
1,900 hours annually Truck idling consumes more than
three billion gallons of diesel annually
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Heavy-Duty Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)
Electrified parking spots at truck stops
Enable drivers to meet rest requirements without idling
Figure 2: Long haul truck utilizing single system electrification. Source: IdleAir.
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To find an electrified truck stop in your region, the DOE hosts a site locator searchable by zip code. It can be found by visiting http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/tse.
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Heavy-Duty Truck Stop Electrification (TSE)
Single-system vs. dual-system Single-system offers HVAC,
electricity, internet, cable Unit is placed in passenger window Dual-system requires onboard
equipment Driver plugs truck into outlet to
poweronboard equipment
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Heavy-Duty Onboard Equipment
Powered by external electrical source or existing fuel system
More efficient than allowing the engine to idle
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Heavy-Duty Onboard Heating
Direct-fired = small furnaces Consume only a small amount of
fuel per hour Coolant heater = heat transfer
system Can be used to heat cabin and
warm engine in cold climates
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Heavy-Duty Onboard Cooling
Thermal storage, battery-electric air conditioners
Thermal storage: energy is stored during normal operation, used at a later time to cool cab
Battery-electric air conditioners: powered by onboard batteries that are charged at truck stops
Both produce zero local emissions
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Heavy-Duty Auxiliary Power Units
Small vehicle-mounted systems Electrical generator powered by an
internal combustion engine Powers accessories, HVAC Heat recapture from ICE Rechargeable battery packs
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Strategies Determine appropriate warm-up
time Know the equipment being
utilized in your vehicle Turn engine off
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Cost Tax benefits for hybrid vehicles Heavy-duty vehicle modification
incentives Fuel cost savings will help cover
any initial investment over time
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Reduced fuel consumption Fewer vehicle emissions Lower operating costs Increased engine life No-cost implementation of
strategies
Idle Reduction Advantages
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Things to Consider Possible capital investment Personal convenience may be
compromised
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Extended engine life Extended idling adds unnecessary
wear to engine components Fuel savings helps offset capital
costs Exemptions for added weight
from APUs, etc. “Green” branding of fleets
Idle Reduction Performance
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Performance Summary• Better fuel economy, an idling
vehicle not in motion achieves 0 mpg
• Reduced emissions• Similar performance to
conventional vehicles• May lead to extended engine life
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1. True or False: There are idle reduction strategies available for fleet managers that require little to no cost to implement.
2. An average long-haul truck spends over______ hours idling per year.
3. There are two types of idling. They are: ______________ and ______________.
4. True or False: States and cities are not allowed to implement laws limiting the idling time or location of idling vehicles.
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