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1& 2 March 20071& 2 March 2007
Wan NgWan NgSchool of Educational StudiesSchool of Educational Studies
La Trobe University La Trobe University Bundoora, VictoriaBundoora, Victoria
w.ng@latrobe.edu.auw.ng@latrobe.edu.au
School of Educational Studies
Courtesy of SOHO/[instrument] consortium. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NAS
related to
related to
related to
in
in
takes place in
one of which is
involved
SUN
Physical Science
Biological Science
Chemical Science
Earth & Space
ENERGY
RenewableSolarWindHydro
(water cycle)Biomass
Non-RenewableFossil
(coal, oil, natrual gas)
Nuclear
Light (properties) spectrumHeat/heat transfer
PhotovoltaicElectronics (solar powered
battery charger)
Nuclear Reactions
Energy (combustion)
Water CycleBiomassBiodiesel
Fuel Cell (solar driven)Food Chemistry
(cooking in solar oven)Production of Food
Spectroscopy (study of sun)
Photovoltaic (materials/
behaviour of atoms)
Photosynthesis (production of food)
Flowering in plantsCancer (skin)Transpiration
Food chains/EcosystemsAstronauts (body functions
in space travel)
Wavelengths
consists of
Night & DaySeasonsWeatherAurora
Space ExplorationSolar System
Science related to the Sun
Ultraviolet
causes
affect
affect
ICT and Technology
Biological Science
Learning Outcome6.1 Explain how ecosystems are maintained in terms of energy and matter
6.3 Describe regulation and coordination in plants and animals
6.4 Explain cellular processes, including photosynthesis and respiration
Content related to Sun & ScienceEnergy cycle in nature, food chains, food webs, carbon-oxygen cycle, nitrogen cycle, cells and organelles
Investigate different factors affecting growth of plants including the effect of sunlight and hormonal influence.
Processes of photosynthesis and respiration, including creating concept maps using Inspiration software.
Chemical ScienceLearning Outcome
6.1 Relate the properties of fundamental groupings of substances to the nature of their constituent particles
Content related to Sun & Science
Nuclear reactions in the sun provide the source of heat and light energy.
Science Learning Outcomes (CSF)
Earth & Space Science
Learning Outcome6.2 Describe the extraction, processing and use of geological resources and associated environmental and social issues
6.3 Compare theories about the origin and evolution of the universe
6.4 extension. Analyse aspects of space technologies
Content related to Sun & ScienceFormation of natural resources such as crude oil and coal. Describe the extraction, processing and use of coal in producing electricity. Discuss environmental and social issues related to burning of coal and why the use of solar energy is important
Life cycle of a star .
Investigate the use of solar cells in space technologies
Physical ScienceLearning Outcome
6.1 Relate the behaviours of light, such as reflection, refraction, absorption and polarisation, to uses in technology
6.3 Explain how different forces act together to affect the motion of objects
6.2 Explain the effect of electronic and electrical components in the operation of electronic and electromagnetic devices
Content related to Sun & Science
Concepts of light and heat applied to construction of a variety of solar powered devices e.g solar cooker, solar hat, solar mini-cars and boats, solar torch, solar powered flashing board, solar powered table mini-fan
Build an electronic device such as a flashing unit which is powered by solar charged batteries.
Investigating effectiveness of sunblockers using UV sensitive nail
polish and beads
Build and test a solar cooker
Investigating biodiesel
Build and test a food drier
Ethanol run bus
Build and test a solar tower
Build a solar powered battery charger
Build a solar powered welcome sign with flashing lights
Build a flashing unit
Investigating how big the sun is
Hands-On Activities
Investigating photovoltaic modules
The sun is a mass of incandescent gasA gigantic nuclear furnaceWhere Hydrogen is built into HeliumAt a temperature of millions of degrees
The sun is hot, the sun is notA place where we could liveBut here on Earth there'd be no lifeWithout the light it gives
We need its light, we need its heatThe sun light that we seekThe sun light comes from our own sun'sAtomic energy
The sun is a mass of incandescent gasA gigantic nuclear furnaceWhere Hydrogen is built into HeliumAt a temperature of millions of degrees
The sun is hot...
The sun is so hot that everything on it is a gasAluminum, Copper, Iron, and many others
The sun is large...
If the sun were hollow, a million Earth's would fit insideAnd yet, it is only a middle size star
The sun is far away...About 93,000,000 miles awayAnd that's why it looks so small
But even when it's out of sightThe sun shines night and day
We need its heat, we need its lightThe sun light that we seekThe sun light comes from our own sun'sAtomic energy
Scientists have found that the sun is a huge atom smashing machineThe heat and light of the sun are caused by nuclear reactions betweenHydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Helium
The sun is a mass of incandescent gasA gigantic nuclear furnaceWhere Hydrogen is built into HeliumAt a temperature of millions of degrees
Why Does the Sun Shine?They Might Be Giants
Men are weak now, and yet they transform the Earth's surface. In millions of years their might will increase to the extent that they will change the surface of the Earth, its oceans, the atmosphere, and themselves. They will control the climate and the Solar System just as they control the Earth. They will travel beyond the limits of our planetary system; they will reach other Suns, and use their fresh energy instead of the energy of their dying luminary."-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)
Mankind will not remain on Earth forever, but in its quest for light and space will at first timidly penetrate beyond the confines of the atmosphere, and later will conquer for itself all the space near the Sun.
Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)
You need about 109 Earths to span the
width of the Sun
It takes about one million Earths to fill up the whole
Sun!
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
Sun Earth MoonMass (kg) ~ 2 x 1030 ~ 6 x 1024 ~ 7 x 1022
Diameter (km) ~ 1 400 000 ~ 13 000 ~ 3500Temperature(oC) Surface ~ 6000
Core ~ 15 000 000
Some facts
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
Mass of Sun is 330, 000 times that of Earth
The distance is about 150 000 000 km
If you were travelling in a car at an average speed of
100 km per hour, how many years will it take for you to
get to the sun?
AnswerLa Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
To measure really long distances, the unit ‘light years’ is used. Light travels at the speed of 300 000 km per second. A light year is the distance that light takes to travel in a year.
Calculate the distance of a light year.
Answer
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
How long will it take for the light from the Sun to reach the Earth?
Distance of Sun from Earth is 150 000 000 kmLight travels 300 000km in 1 second
Time to travel 150 000 000 km is
150 000 000 = 50 s = 8 mins 20 s
300 000
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
Element % composition
Hydrogen 92.1%Helium 7.8%Oxygen 0.061%Carbon 0.030%Nitrogen 0.0084%Neon 0.0076%Iron 0.0037%Silicon 0.0031%Magnesium 0.0024%Sulfur 0.0015%All others 0.0015%
Source:http://www.solarviews.com/eng/sun.htm
Is the Sun a ball of Solid, Liquid or Gas?
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
The Sun is neither a solid nor a gas but in a state called plasma. This plasma is thin and gaseous near the surface, but gets denser down towards the Sun's fusion core. Plasma is not a gas, liquid, or solid - it is the fourth state of matter. Plasma often behaves like a gas, except that it conducts electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
On an astronomical scale, plasma is common. "99.9 percent of the Universe is made up of plasma," says Dr. Dennis Gallagher, a plasma physicist at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. "Very little material in space is made of rock like the Earth."
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
Complete the following by calculating the distance travelled by light in 1 year:
light travels 300 000km in 1 secondit travels 300 000 x 60 s = 18 000 000 km in 1 min
Calculate the distance of one light year.
it travels 18 000 000 x 60 min = 1 080 000 000km in 1 hourit travels 1 080 000 000 x 24 hrs = 25 920 000 000 km in a day
it travels 25 920 000 000 x 365 days = 9 460 800 000 000 km in a year
One light year is 9 460 800 000 000 km!
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
150 000 000 km/ 100km per h = 1 500 000 hours1 500 000/24 hours in a day = 62500 days
62500/365 days in a year= 171.2 years
Ans: ~171 years
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
Sun’s Interior
Core Radiative
zone
Convective
zone
• Hot and Dense
• 15 000 000 oC
• Gravitational pull
• Nuclear fusion
•25% of Sun’s radius
• Heat travelling through the air
• Electromagnetic energy
• 55% of Sun’s radius
• Rising of warm air and sinking of cool air
• Reaches surface of Sun
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
Surface Layers
Photo- sphere
Chromo-sphere Corona
• 500 km ‘thin’
• Heat and light we see and feel
• 6000 oC
• 2000 km in thickness
• Hotter than Photosphere
• 100 000 oC
• Several million km from Photosphere
• 1-2 million degree
• Solar wind is hot gas from Corona
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education
Solar Cooker
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education/
Masking tape to stop reflectors
from flapping in the wind
Reflector
Polystyrene box:
internally lined with
black paper
Reflector
Glass (or glad wrap)
cover
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education/
Alex Leach with solar powered
battery charger and flashing unit.
Solar powered battery charger
Flashing unit
Solar Tower
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education/
Kew High School students testing their solar tower
Solar tower model as constructed by engineering students.
Flashing lights on Welcome sign powered by car battery which is charged by solar panel
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education/
Flashing lights embedded in the
words.
Car battery
12 volts
12V solar
panel
Concentrating Mirrors
La Trobe Univeristy/Institute for Education/
Hot Spot on screen Array of
small mirrors
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