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8/12/2019 081211 Rust
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Single Stream RecyclingSingle Stream Recycling
What Questions Should You BeWhat Questions Should You Be
Asking? Asking?
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Single Stream Recycling (SS)Single Stream Recycling (SS)
A recycling collection method in which all
unsorted or “Commingled” recyclablematerials are collected in one container atthe curb & placed in the collection vehicle ina commingled state until processed at aMRF (Material Recovery Facility) specially
designed for sorting & processingcommingled loads of recyclables.
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Single Sort RecyclingSingle Sort Recycling Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages & Disadvantages
Advantages Advantages
Collection Cost SavingsCollection Cost Savings
Customer ConvenienceCustomer Convenience – –ease in homeease in homeand at curband at curb
Potential Increased CustomerPotential Increased CustomerParticipationParticipation
Potential Gross increase in MaterialsPotential Gross increase in MaterialsCollectedCollected
Potentially Higher Diversion RatesPotentially Higher Diversion Rates
Reduced Worker Compensation ClaimsReduced Worker Compensation Claims
Potential for Adding More MaterialPotential for Adding More MaterialTypesTypes
Shorter Stops and EveryShorter Stops and Every--Other WeekOther Week
CollectionCollection – – Less Wear and Tear andLess Wear and Tear andFuel SavingsFuel Savings
Fuel SavingsFuel Savings
Competitive Advantage for ProvidersCompetitive Advantage for ProvidersOffering this Service (MarketableOffering this Service (Marketable
Service)Service) Less LitterLess Litter
DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Initial Capital Costs for:Initial Capital Costs for:
New Carts,New Carts, Different Collection Vehicles,Different Collection Vehicles,
Processing Facility EquipmentProcessing Facility Equipment
Education of Residents;Education of Residents;
Processing and Overall Contract CostsProcessing and Overall Contract Costs
may Increasemay Increase Potential Reduced Commodity PricesPotential Reduced Commodity Prices
from Contaminationfrom Contamination
Increased “downcycling” of paperIncreased “downcycling” of paper
Increased Residual RatesIncreased Residual Rates
Potential for Less Net MaterialPotential for Less Net MaterialRecoveryRecovery
Can Lead to Public ConfusionCan Lead to Public Confusion – –BlurringBlurringthe Lines Between Garbage &the Lines Between Garbage &RecyclingRecycling
Competitive Disadvantage for SmallCompetitive Disadvantage for Small
Haulers Unable to Offer Single SortHaulers Unable to Offer Single Sort Difficult to Go Back Difficult to Go Back
Potential Reduced PersonalPotential Reduced PersonalCommitment to RecyclingCommitment to Recycling
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Compare Different ApproachesCompare Different Approaches
Different systems have different pros and cons Need to consider all aspects (cost, convenience, material
recovery, revenue sharing, weekly vs. bi-weekly collection, etc.)
Necessities of Single Stream Service Include:
Collection System Designed for SS
MRF Processing System Specially Designed to Handle FullyCommingled Mixed Loads
Economies of Scale are Also Important
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Material Problems?
Manufacturers report problems created by poor qualitymaterials being shipped to their mills*
Residents may place inappropriate and contaminatedmaterials in their recycling carts that are difficult to sortout at the MRF
Processors attempt to process volumes far beyond theirfacility’s capacity
Processors may not have sorting lines that are designedto handle the materials they receive, or employ too fewworkers to produce high quality materials – New vs.Retrofitted Facilities
Residual Recyclables from any system end up beinglandfilled in most cases
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MPCA Study on CollectionMPCA Study on Collection
Goal to understand impacts to residents,Goal to understand impacts to residents,
haulers,haulers, MRF’sMRF’s and endand end--marketsmarkets Focused on MRF and endFocused on MRF and end--market impactsmarket impacts
Majority of endMajority of end--markets have seenmarkets have seenimpacts on quality in past 5 years (someimpacts on quality in past 5 years (some
quantity reductions)quantity reductions)
Variety of contaminants: glass, plastic, Variety of contaminants: glass, plastic,
etc.etc.
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EndEnd--Market Questions &Market Questions &
AnswersAnswers End markets are seeing more contamination overEnd markets are seeing more contamination over
the last five years; glass a drop in quantity receivedthe last five years; glass a drop in quantity received
Optical sorting a potential solutionOptical sorting a potential solution
Both single and dual stream showing some level ofBoth single and dual stream showing some level of
contamination but education important either way contamination but education important either way
What types of contaminants are the most What types of contaminants are the mostproblematic for your operation?problematic for your operation?
Paper MillsPaper Mills Plastic bags/film, glass,Plastic bags/film, glass,
plasticplastic--coated paper,coated paper,other paper gradesother paper grades
Glass RecyclerGlass Recycler Ceramics, pottery, Pyrex,Ceramics, pottery, Pyrex,
mixed glassmixed glass
Plastics RecyclersPlastics Recyclers Other plastic grades,Other plastic grades,
metal,metal, glassglass
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How to Avoid Failure…How to Avoid Failure…
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Reporting Requirements areReporting Requirements are
CriticalCritical Number of tons received
Understand difference between gross vs. netincreases or decreases
Composition of the prohibitives & residue Consider Your Glass
Market reports for each commodity, with lettersstating if the quality specifications are being met Consider periodic cart audits (e.g. 100 carts/quarter)
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Contracting for ServicesContracting for ServicesProcessing contract should specify the terms of processing & include:
Specifications on types and quantities of materials to be collected &commodity types to be processed and marketed
The quality of each of the commodities to be marketed
Details on how the recovered materials will be marketed
Allowable residue rates from recyclable materials not marketed 85/15 Rule
Resolution for disputes over the quality of the incoming materials
Requirements for maintaining records of materials from each community
Penalties for not achieving & Incentives for exceeding the requiredspecifications
Revenue sharing
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Quality Specifications Example
Contractor shall process the materials
collected to the specifications establishedby the community and the buyer of therecyclable materials
The Contractor shall pay the community$20.00 for each ton of recyclable materials
sold to a manufacturer that does not meetthe quality specifications
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Don’t Forget to Address Fuel CostsDon’t Forget to Address Fuel Costs
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And Contamination Reporting And Contamination Reporting
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And Don’t Forget the Education! And Don’t Forget the Education!
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Enforce Your Contract, It’s only as Strong As YOUMake it!
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Remember, Don’t Throw it OutRemember, Don’t Throw it Out RECYCLE!RECYCLE!
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