081113 It For Energy Conservation And Global Warming

IT for Energy Conservation and Global Warming

charm@ksc.au.edu www.charm.au.edu

Keynote Address , Fujitsu Family Club Conference on Green IT Policy Innovation

Intercontinental Bangkok Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand. November 13, 2008

Prof.Dr. Srisakdi CharmonmanPresident of the Computer Association

of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of HM the King

1. Introduction

2. Green IT Revolution

3. Green IT at IT Companies

4. Green Data Center

5. Green Telework

6. Concluding Remarks

IT for Energy Conservation and Global Warming

Many developed and developing countries have taken part in “Green IT” as a solution to the problems of: - High oil price - Global warming

1. Introduction.

From Wikipedia, the oil price in the U.S. increased from US $16 in January 1999 to US $145 in July 2008. Although it was reduced to about US $60 in November 2008, it is still much higher than US $16 in 1999.

Introduction (Cont.)

From Wikipedia, “Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century, and its projected continuation”.

Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 100 years.

From Wikipedia, “Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently”.

Green IT provides IT system design solutions that minimize materials used, reduce waste, and improve energy efficiency.

A Green IT initiative must be systemic in nature, and address increasingly sophisticated problems.

Solution may comprise items such as - End user satisfaction- Management restructuring- Regulatory compliance- Disposal of electronic waste

- Telecommuting

- Virtualization of server resources

- Energy use

- Thin client solutions

- Return on investment (ROI)

The goals of Green IT are to:- Reduce the use of hazardous materials - Maximize energy efficiency

during the product’s lifetime- Promote recyclability or biodegradability

of defunct products and factory waste.

2.1 Timeline of Green IT.

2.2 Benefits of Green IT.

2.3 Twelve Questions around Green IT.

2. Green IT Revolution.

In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched “Energy Star”.

2.1 Timeline of Green IT.

Timeline of Green IT (Cont.)

Energy Star is a voluntary labeling program which is designed to promote and recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment, and other technologies.

This resulted in the widespread adoption of sleep mode among consumer electronics.

The term “green computing” was probably coined shortly after the Energy Star program began.

There are several USENET posts dating back to 1992 which use the term in this manner.

Concurrently, the Swedish organization “TCO (Tjänstemännens Central Organization)” launched the “TCO Certification program” to include criteria on energy consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials.

Many governmental agencies have continued to implement standards and regulations that encourage green computing.

The Energy Star program was revised in October 2006 to include stricter efficiency requirements for computer equipment, along with a tiered ranking system for approved products.

U.S. States have established state-wide recycling programs for obsolete computers and consumer electronics equipment.

1) Reduce travel time and cost.

2) Help customer reduce environment burden.

3) Save money for buying computer component.

4) Inspire employees.

2.2 Benefits of Green IT.

Gartner Dataquest estimates that 25% of US employees worked from home, at least once a week in 2007, European levels seems to be comparatively higher.

1) Reduce travel time and cost.

Another study estimates that 33 million Americans are employed in roles suitable for telecommuting; removing these commuters from daily travels could drive down oil imports by 25% and reduce carbon emissions.

Reduce travel time and cost (Cont.)

There is a “New Green Policy Innovation” project from Fujitsu

This project aims to achieve a cumulative reduction of more than 7 million tons of CO2 from fiscal 2007 through fiscal 2010.

2) Help customer reduce environment burden.

The Fujitsu project will reduce the environment burden of IT infrastructure through and entire data centers that utilize such technology.

Reduce environment burden (Cont.)

In addition, the Fujitsu project will reduce customer’s environment burden through the introduction of new IT applications, including outsourcing and consulting services.

Reduce environment burden (Cont.)

Green IT will save a lot of money because using PC power management can cut energy costs by $20-60 per PC.

For many organization, this can mean a 5-15% reduction in overall, organization-wide energy consumption.

3) Save money for buying computer component.

Employees feel a deep sense of pride working in organization that do their part for the environment.

4) Inspire employees.

When employees know their computers are using less than half the power they used to, with no impact on productivity, they will know they personally are helping to reduce the company’s carbon footprint.

Inspire employees (Cont.)

From www.cio.com.au/index.php/id;1236180095, There are 12 questions and answers around green IT for CIOs to get with green.

2.3 Twelve Questions around IT.

1. What is sustainable IT? Sustainable, or “green”,

IT is a catch-all term used to describe the manufacture, management, use and disposal of information technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment.

As a result, the term has many different meanings, depending on whether you are a manufacturer, manager or user of technology.

12 questions around green IT (Cont.)

2. What is sustainable IT manufacturing? Sustainable IT manufacturing

refers to methods of producing products in a way that does not harm the environment.

It encompasses everything from reducing the amount of harmful chemicals used in products (such as lead and mercury) to making them more energy efficient and packaging them with recycled materials.

3. What is sustainable IT management and use? Sustainable IT management and use has to do

with the way a company manages its IT assets. It includes purchasing energy-efficient desktops, notebooks, servers and other IT equipment, as well as managing the power consumption of that equipment.

It also refers to the environmentally safe disposal of that equipment, through recycling or donation at the end of its lifecycle.

4. What is sustainable IT disposal? Sustainable IT disposal refers to

the safe disposal of IT assets. It ensures that old computer equipment does not end up in a landfill, where the toxic substances it contains can leach into groundwater, among other problems.

Many of the major hardware manufacturers offer take-back programs, so IT departments don't have to take responsibility for disposal.

5. What is the goal of sustainable IT? The goal behind most green initiatives,

including green IT, is to promote environmental sustainability.

In 1987, the World Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainability as an approach to economic development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

6. What does it have to do with me? No one seriously disputes that global warming

is due to human activity. IT is an energy hog. Gartner estimates that power consumption by computers accounts for 2 percent of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

That's roughly equal to the carbon output of the airline industry.

7. Can it help my company? There are some steps IT departments

can take toward becoming green that don't cost a lot. You can start by reminding your IT staff to turn off their PCs or shut off the lights before leaving for the day and championing such behavior companywide.

Meanwhile, there are many IT investments you probably want to make anyway that will also reduce your impact on the environment. Virtualization technologies, server consolidation, PC power management and deployment of more efficient equipment when you do a refresh can reduce energy consumption while simultaneously improving IT operations.

Can it help my company? (Cont.)

There's some evidence that more people seek to do business with companies that offer green services and products, or that have a proven track record in corporate social responsibility.

Can it help my company? (Cont.)

8. How can I cut my energy bills? There are two ways

that IT managers can help to reduce their companies’ energy consumption: - run data centers more efficiently - manage desktops more efficiently

9. How can I make my data center more efficient?

The first step for CIOs who want to cut data center energy costs is to get to know their data centers in detail.

IT generally is unaware of how much energy it consumes running servers and air conditioners.

10. How can I reduce my electricity consumption on the desktop?

CIOs can use the Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool (EPEAT) developed by the Zero Waste Alliance to evaluate your purchases.

In the year 2008, six organizations, which were recognized for their use of EPEAT, saved a total of over $5 million buying greener equipment.

11. How do I recycle IT equipment? There are a different ways to get rid

of IT equipment without throwing it in the dumpster.

Many manufacturers offer take-back programs through which they assume responsibility for proper disposal.

Some companies that offer take-back services also offer data security services to insure that intellectual property and confidential information is removed from the hardware but the major companies involved in e-waste recovery.

How do I recycle IT equipment (Cont.)

11. How can IT make my operations greener? IT can help almost any part of the business

lessen its environmental impact. For example, technologists can help reduce the amount of paper employees use for printing or deploy tracking systems to measure plant emissions.

IT systems can also help save energy by controlling heat and air conditioning in office buildings.

How can IT make my office greener (Cont.)

3.1 The Top 12 Green-IT Vendors.

3.2 The Top 12 Green-IT Users.

3. Green IT at IT Companies.

1) IBM

2) British Telecom

3) Qualcomm

4) Aplicor

5) Fujitsu

6) Microsoft

3.1 The Top 12 Green-It Vendors.

7) Hewlett-Packard

8) Network Appliance

9) Other World Computing

10) Verizon Wireless

11) Computer Sciences

12) Sun Microsystems

The Top 12 Green-It Vendors (Cont.)

1) IBM

From “www-03.ibm.com”, IBM was named one of the Top Green IT companies in IDG’s Computerworld for 2008.

IBM (Cont.)

IBM has taken serious look at how IBM impact the environment and how IBM can address those challenges with good business sense, through IBM’s Project Big Green initiative and a company-wide focus on energy efficient technology and services.

IBM (Cont.)

IBM’s Project Big Green is a $1 billion initiative to dramatically reduce energy use by company and IBM’s clients.

IBM (Cont.)

IBM initiative included new energy efficient IBM products and services and a “five step” approach to energy efficiency in the data center that will sharply reduce data center energy consumption and transform clients’ technology infrastructure into “green” data centers and provide energy savings of up to 42 percent for an average data center.

IBM (Cont.)

IBM initiative also includes a new global “green team” of more than 850 energy efficiency architects from across IBM.

2) British Telecom

From “www.btplc.com”,British Telecom was named one of the Top Green IT companies in IDG’s Computerworld for 2008.

British Telecom (Cont.)

BT supply chain has been placed in the top quartile of the 2008 Supply Chain Monitor Global Survey on Green Supply Chains which was conducted by BearingPoint Management and Technology Consultants.

BT has launched a new rang of energy efficient telephones and confirmed that more than 90 percent of its entire home phone range will be more energy efficient by July 2008, at no extra cost to the consumer.

BT’s environmental credentials have been given a boost, with renewal of its corporate certification against the international environmental management system (EMS) standard ISO14001 for another 3 years.

The corporate accreditation covers the UK, Ireland and Belgium.

Standalone accreditation has also been awarded to BT's operations in Italy and Spain.

BT has entered the Chatsworth list of FTSE 100 green companies for the first time.

The green survey polled 1,500 journalists, sustainability experts and political groups.

3) Qualcomm

From “www.earth2tech.com”,Qualcomm saves millions with Green IT.

In 2004 it began construction of a new corporate building and attached a data center to the corporate offices.

Qualcomm (Cont.)

The building contains a cogeneration plant that takes the waste heat delivered by all servers in the data center and uses it to partially power the office building.

Qualcomm (Cont.)

That idea won Qualcomm a $600,000 award from the State of California, and has returned the cost of construction in the form of power savings in just four years.

Qualcomm (Cont.)

The cogeneration plant reduced the energy costs of the building by 39 percent and saved the chip maker $2.9 million last year.

Qualcomm (Cont.)

The company has also focused on virtualizing its storage.

It managed to increase the amount of data stored in each box to 70 percent from 40 percent, which means that, in terms of power costs, storing a terabyte of data costs a third less than it used to be.

Qualcomm (Cont.)

The company was supposed to build a new data center in the year 2008, but virtualization has meant higher server and storage utilization so now it can afford to hold off until 2010.

(The virtualization efforts also cut power costs in the data center by 50 percent.)

Qualcomm (Cont.)

So far, the virtualization efforts have saved Qualcomm $20 million, with $5 million of that coming from power cost-reductions.

4) Aplicor

From “www.aplicor.co.uk”, Aplicor was named one of the top 12 Green IT companies in IDG's Computerworld top Green-IT Companies for 2008.

Aplicor (Cont.)

Computerworld recognized Aplicor for demonstrating leadership and innovation to reduce energy consumption in IT data centers and leverage technology to conserve energy and lower carbon emissions.

Aplicor (Cont.)

Aplicor's GREEN Technology initiatives, collaboration with other environmentally conscience technology companies and policy suggestions are an integral part of Aplicor’s corporate culture and shared values.

Aplicor (Cont.)

After approximately 12 months of research and development followed by implementation, Aplicor's Global Reach for Energy and Efficiency Next Generation (GREEN) program commenced in February 2007 at Aplicor data centers in the U.S. and UK.

Aplicor (Cont.)

This program pioneered leading environmental IT techniques including improved power consumption, re-engineered power distribution, new techniques in cooling efficiency, server virtualization and new footprint schemas for improved equipment density.

Aplicor (Cont.)

The program has realized approximately 19 percent reduction in power and carbon dioxide emissions.

From “www.fujitsupc.com”, Fujitsu was named one of the top 12 Green IT companies in IDG's Computerworld top Green-IT Companies for 2008.

5) Fujitsu

The Fujitsu Environmental Program develops employee, facility, and manufacturing-based environmental programs.

Fujitsu (Cont.)

In August of 2007, for example, the Fujitsu campus in Sunnyvale, California. installed a hydrogen fuel cell to significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, making Fujitsu the first Silicon Valley-based IT company to install Fujitsu’s own hydrogen power plant.

Fujitsu (Cont.)

Since 1996, Fujitsu has published regular reports detailing the programs and results of its environmental protection activities.

Fujitsu (Cont.)

Fujitsu has made the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index eight years in a row, and the FTSE4Good Index Series five years in a row.

Fujitsu (Cont.)

By the end of fiscal 2009, all Fujitsu business units will increase the number of Super Green Products (those with the most advanced environmental-friendly characteristics) by at least 20 percent.

Fujitsu (Cont.)

Fujitsu has a deep commitment to environmental responsibility, to reduce Fujitsu’s carbon footprint, to eliminating lead and other harmful wastes from Fujitsu’s supply chain and products, to broad recycling and reuse programs.

Fujitsu (Cont.)

6) Microsoft

From “www.computerworlduk.com”,Microsoft, with 70,000 employees spread out across the world, is deep into a corporate-wide evaluation of how it can become a more environmentally friendly corporation.

Microsoft (Cont.)

The effort encompasses hardware, software, data centers and Microsoft's role as a corporate citizen.

The hope is to initiate Microsoft's people, products and programs into the green revolution.

Microsoft (Cont.)

Microsoft's early results include a PVC-product-packaging purge begun in 2005 that has resulted in the elimination of 1.5 million pounds of the environmentally unfriendly plastic.

Microsoft (Cont.)

As part of its green revolution, Microsoft also is partnering with such movers and shakers as former President Bill Clinton and his Clinton Foundation to discover how the world's largest cities can reduce carbon output and greenhouse gases.

Microsoft (Cont.)

Microsoft also is part of The Green Grid consortium and Climate Savers, two industry wide power-efficiency initiatives.

From “www.greentelecomlive.com”,Hewlett-Packard (HP) was named one of the top 12 Green IT companies in IDG's Computerworld top Green-IT Companies for 2008 and has been ranked at the top of the latest Vendor Matrix released by ABI Research.

7) Hewlett-Packard

For this particular matrix, under “innovation,” ABI Research examined the firms’ carbon footprints, regulatory compliance, recycling efforts, efforts at “greening” internal operations, use of video and telecommuting, and membership and participation in environmental organizations.

Hewlett-Packard (Cont.)

The firms’ product portfolios, product features, intellectual property holdings, certification achievements, and the planning and virtualization tools HP use.

Hewlett-Packard received points for its innovative Dynamic Smart Cooling technology as well as for its homegrown power distribution system and its wide selection of low-power component choices for its customers.

From “www.allbusiness.com”, NetApp was named one of the top 12 Green IT companies in IDG's Computerworld top Green-IT Companies for 2008.

8) Network Appliance

NetApp was selected; - For its innovative data center

design and its leading-edge data management techniques to reduce power consumption.

- For its company-wide “green” programs that dramatically reduce the amount of local landfill waste

and impact on the environment.

Network Appliance (Cont.)

NetApp employed the following “cooling” techniques to increase energy efficiency in its data centers: hot aisle/cold aisle equipment layout, vinyl strip curtains to contain the hot air from mixing with the cold air, using outside air to cool the data center, and raising the overall temperature in the data center.

NetApp has reaped millions of dollars in savings as a result while benefiting the environment.

Through innovative data management techniques and best practices, NetApp has dramatically increased storage utilization and reduced power consumption in its data center by deploying storage and server virtualization solutions.

By improving efficiency and scaling its infrastructure, the project has had measurable impact: - NetApp IT replaced 50 legacy storage

systems with 10 new systems running Data ONTAP[R] 7G.

- Decrease its storage rack footprint from 25 to 6 racks, dropping power requirements from 329kW to 69kW.

- Reduce air conditioning requirements by 94 tons.

- Decrease the electricity costs by $60,000 per year.

From “www.macsales.com”, Other World Computing (OWC) was named one of the top 12 Green IT companies in IDG's Computerworld top Green-IT Companies for 2008.

9) Other World Computing

OWC was honored because of its newly constructed corporate headquarters building (opening on February 22, 2008), designed according to Gold Level specifications of the LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Program.

OWC (Cont.)

The new OWC headquarters obtained certification at the Gold LEED Level.

In addition, the project achievedthe highest and most rarely awarded status of Platinum.

OWC (Cont.)

The new OWC headquarters featuredGreen design elements and materials: - Water Savings. - Materials Selection. - Recycling and Conservation. - Indoor Environmental Quality. - Energy Efficiency.

OWC (Cont.)

With all energy conservation elements,the new much larger 37,000 square-foot building consumes less energy resources than OWC's old 10,000 square-foot building.

OWC (Cont.)

From “www.reuters.com”, Verizon Wireless was the only wireless carrier named one of the top 12 Green IT companies in IDG's Computerworld top Green-IT Companies for 2008.

10) Verizon Wireless

Verizon Wireless deployed more than 7,000 thin clients in 12 call centers nationwide, reducing energy consumption and cooling costs.

Verizon Wireless (Cont.)

Power consumption tests at the company's Chandler, Ariz., call center showed a 62.5 percent overall decrease in energy usage after deployment.

Verizon Wireless also rolled out power management software on 61,000 managed desktops companywide that enables automatic shutdown and sleep schedules.

The initiative accounted for a 24 percent reduction in both PC power consumptionand CO2 emissions.

In addition to pursuing energy-saving technology in call centers, Verizon Wireless has also implemented virtualization technology in its data centers.

This approach, coupled with the higher energy efficiency of the new servers, significantly decreases electricity and cooling costs.

From “www.csc.com”, CSC one of the top 12 Green IT companies in IDG's Computerworld top Green-IT Companies for 2008.

11) Computer Sciences Corp.

CSC extended the Green activities to supporting environmentally friendly sports, such as the seven-year sponsorship of cycling world champion Team CSC and the Team CSC 505 class wind sailing team.

CSC (Cont.)

CSC recognized that IT has significant responsibilities beyond the data center.

As part of collaboration opportunities to reduce the carbon footprint, CSC was investing in international tele-presence technologies to better facilitate business for CSC and the clients while reducing travel.

CSC (Cont.)

CSC regularly coordinates with vendor partners to better understand technologies and practices that reduce the impact on the environment.

CSC (Cont.)

CSC’s Green initiatives include:- Waste IT and scrap recycling;

all disposed IT equipment sent to regional companies with programs to securely wipe data and either resell components or send them for recycling.

- Exploitation of state-of-the-art technology (power consumption

reduction).

CSC (Cont.)

- In North America, CSC computers, monitors and hard drives are sent to Intechra’s “Big Blue,” a two-story recycling machine that shreds and then separates materials into ferrous (iron) metals, non-ferrous metals, plastics, steel and leaded glass, these pieces are then sent to smelters or extruders, more than 34 tons of copper cable has been recycled.

CSC (Cont.)

- Innovation in energy-efficient computer room design (cooling specific).

- Utilization of energy-efficient cube technology (heat exchange).

CSC (Cont.)

From “www.sun.com”,Sun developed products and programs that reduce energy needs and CO2 production at all levels, including the microprocessor, servers, thin clients, and computer grids.

12) Sun Microsystems

Sun's products help people tackle some of the world's most difficult challenges, including a growing number of environmental ones.

Sun Microsystems (Cont.)

Sun's systems are helping to run computer models of global climate change, design more efficient cars, search for new sources of energy, and help people avoid energy usage through network-enabled lifestyle changes.

Sun focused on building eco responsible products and solutions that have a minimal environmental impact.

Sun’s goal is to benefit the customers and the environment by improving energy efficiency, using fewer harmful materials, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions, while increasing computation and storage.

First example, Sun's energy sipping Sun Fire servers with CoolThreads technology consume one-third less energy, generate less heat, and take up one-half the space in the data center while delivering twice the performance.

By installing these machines in Sun's Broomfield, datacenter, Sun's power usage dropped from 617,000 kilowatt hours to 39,000 kilowatt hours, resulting in a cost avoidance of $40,000 in electricity, with an additional $60,000 of costs avoided in cooling.

Second example,Sun Ray technology enabled Sun to avoid approximately $24 million in energy and systems costs last year.

1) Highmark

2) Discovery Communications

3) First National of Nebraska

4) Perkins+Will

5) Snohomish Public Utility District

6) World Wildlife Fund

3.2 The Top 12 Green-IT Users

7) Austin Energy

8) WellPoint

9) Ryder System

10) Marriott International

11) Monsanto

12) Wachovia

The Top 12 Green-IT Users (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, Highmark spent about $45,000 each month on electricity in Highmark’s old data center, a 24,000-square-foot, Tier 1 facility in Camp Hill, Pa.

1) Highmark

New data center of Highmark is an 86,000-square-foot, Tier 3 facility with some 28,000 feet of raised flooring.

Highmark (Cont.)

The new data center is three times bigger than the old one, but its electricity costs are the same: $45,000 per month, built entirely of recycled building materials and certified as a leader in energy and environmental design by the U.S. Green Building Council.

Highmark (Cont.)

The goal is to decrease power usage companywide. For IT specifically, the target reduction is 5% this year.

The company's main data center in Harrisburg uses about 700 kilowatts of electricity per month, enough to power 175 homes

Highmark (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, Discovery is not just saving money but company also focused on saving the planet.

Discovery conducts regular audits of its server, storage and network equipment to make sure everything is fully utilized.

2) Discovery Communications

Company has consolidated storage into a single shared pool using Network Appliance Inc.’s FlexVol technology, and it used VMware Inc.’s virtualization software to reduce its server count from 850 to 535 physical machines.

Discovery Communications (Cont.)

Disk-to-disk backups have replaced backup tapes, eliminating the need to transport those tapes off-site.

Discovery Communications (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, First National of Nebraska Inc. was green before green was cool.

3) First National of Nebraska

The Omaha-based financial services firm took its first bold step in 1999, when it became the first company to build a data center powered entirely by fuel cell technology, which creates electricity by combining a fuel source and an oxidant.

First National of Nebraska (Cont.)

The system delivers 340 kilowatts of power to “the bunker,” a 15,000-square-foot section of the data center that houses First National’s critical systems for processing credit card transactions.

The fuel cells, which emit no greenhouse gases, eliminated the need for uninterruptible power supplies, helping the data center achieve a “seven 9s” uptime rating.

From “www.computerworld.com”, Perkins+Will Inc. has developed a Green Operations Plan focused on office energy use that encompasses six areas: - Transportation.- Office water use.

4) Perkins+Will

- Office energy use.- Office consumables.- Indoor air quality.- Office renovations

and new construction.

Perkins+Will (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, the officials at the Snohomish PublicUtility District realized that just as important as the utility's environmental conservation efforts was the need to set an example for the community.

5) Snohomish Public Utility District

Snohomish has instated a broad range of power management initiatives, over the past 18 months.

Snohomish (Cont.)

Snohomish puts its more than 1,000 desktops to sleep when they become inactive, through the use of customized software originally developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Snohomish (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, World Wildlife Fund is going green long before global warming predictions peppered the news, and film documentaries on the subject garnered Academy Awards.

6) World Wildlife Fund

Installed videoconferencing technology to reduce the need for expensive, carbon-emitting travel.

World Wildlife Fund (Cont.)

For example, the organization uses and promotes Web collaboration systems such as SharePoint, WebEx and Citrix MetaFrame XPA.

Instead of flying to WWF's Geneva offices five times a year, Smith, CIO usually opts for eight-hour videoconferencesthat saves about $700 on plane tickets, 15 hours of travel time and $3,000 in expensesfor each trip.

From “www.computerworld.com”, Austin Energy's goal is to boost that total savings byan additional 750 megawatts of power by 2020.

7) Austin Energy

The most important goal of Austin Energy's energy-saving initiatives is reducing reliance on electricity and thus lowering overall carbon dioxide emissions.

Austin Energy (Cont.)

To reach that goal, Austin Energy plans to use technologies such as smart appliances to monitor and control power usage at customer sites.

The utility also plans to implement new server and storage technology, including multicore CPUs, virtualization, and de-duplication and compression techniques in its own data center.

The company's 1,600- person IT department is running just over 600 servers on 150 physical machines.

This translates to 40% energy savings.

Austin Energy's IT group manages 195,000 real-time devices used for automated electricity metering and distribution.

That number will increase to 500,000 devices by early 2009.

From “www.computerworld.com”, there are “three legs to the stool”of WellPoint’s green initiatives. - First are “continuous small improvements, like increasing recycling,

moving toward green paper and the like.”

8) WellPoint

- Second are big, one-time initiatives such as replacing the firm's enterprise data center, a multiyear effort thatwas completed in 2003.

WellPoint (Cont.)

- Third are special partnerships, like WellPoint's linkup with IBM to implement best practices and technologies such as server consolidations.

WellPoint (Cont.)

WellPoint save $13,000 a month by moving its data center from California to Richmond,Virginia.

WellPoint’s employees will spend 25,000 hours at videoconferencing this year, avoiding 4,500 tons of carbon dioxide emissions from cars and planes.

WellPoint (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, Ryder squeezes every mile per gallon it can from its 160,000-strong vehicle fleet by working directly with Freightliner to make trucks more gas-efficient, using only low-sulphur diesel fuel and training its drivers to be fuel-conscious.

9) Ryder System

Implemented a server consolidation effort that reduced 100 discrete Wintel servers into 66 Energy Star blades.

Ryder System (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, Marriott is building a second data center 300 feet below ground in a former Pennsylvania mine, where the ambient air temperature is 53 degrees Fahrenheit.

10) Marriott International

Marriott has replaced more than 5,000 desktop PCs with thin clients, cutting power consumption per device by 50%.

Marriott International (Cont.)

In 2007, Marriott replaced 38 public printers at its headquarters with more-efficient Energy Star devices.

That helped reduce its carbon footprint by 36 tons annually.

Since contracting in 2005 with Intechra LLC,Marriott has recycled more than 18,000 printers, monitors, peripherals and other systems.

That represents nearly 200 tons of plastics, transistors and other materials that didn't end up in landfills.

From “www.computerworld.com”, Monsanto designed a new $21 million data center in Creve Coeur, Mo., about five years ago, it was a decidedly green effort from the get-go.

11) Monsanto

The 40,000-square-foot facility, which was completed last July, was designed with a 17-foot floor-to-ceiling span to promote airflow and eliminate the need for power or cooling units on the data center's floor.

Monsanto (Cont.)

The glass screen in its new data center blocks 60% of the sun's rays, lowering demands on the building's cooling systems.

Monsanto (Cont.)

From “www.computerworld.com”, Wachovia has pledged to reduce Wachovia’s greenhouse gas emissions profile by 10% by 2010.

Rolled 15 unique reporting tools into a single managed-service environment.

12) Wachovia

These and other technologies will be deployed in the Wachovia’s new financial center, slated to open at the end of 2009.

In addition to saving energy, Wachovia will help cut construction costs by up to $80,000.

Wachovia (Cont.)

Wachovia plans to implement Hewlett-Packard Co.’s Dynamic Smart Cooling technology in the Birmingham data center and the new financial center.

Wachovia (Cont.)

4.1 Data Center

4.2 Green Data Center

4.3 Fujitsu Green Data Center

4.4 Examples of Green Data Centers

4.5 Data Center in Second Life

4. Green Data Center

4.1.1 Definition of Data Center from “en.wikipedia.org”

4.1.2 Definition of Data Center from “searchdatacenter.techtarget.com”

4.1.3 Data Center Standards

4.1 Data Center

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It generally includes redundant or backup power supplies, redundant data communications connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning,

fire suppression) and security devices.

4.1.1 Definition from “en.wikipedia.org”

A data center is a centralized repository for the storage, management, and disseminationof data and information organized around a particular body of knowledge or pertaining to a particular business.

4.1.2 Definition from “searchdatacenter.techtarget.com”

During the dot-com bubble, fast Internet connectivity and nonstop operation were needed.Therefore, very large facilities called “IDC (Internet Data Center)”were constructed.

4.1.3 Data Center Standards

As of 2008, standards for Data Center design, construction, and operation are available from many professional groups such as Telecommunications Industry Association.

One of the main purposes of Data Centeris “Business Continuity”.

Data Center (Cont.)

There are four Tiers of data center:- Tier 1 data center, which is the simplest, is a computer room for the installation of computer systems. - Tier 2 data center is the same as Tier 1

plus redundant capacity components.

Data Center (Cont.)

- Tier 3 data center is the same as Tier 2 plus dual-powered equipments and multiple uplinks.

- Tier 4 data center is the same as Tier 3 plus all components being fully fault-

tolerant, including uplinks, storage, chillers, HVAC systems, servers, etc. Everything

is dual-powered. (HVAC = heating, ventilating, and air conditioning).

Data Center (Cont.)

The physical environment of a data center: - Air Conditioning 20-25 degrees centigrade, and humidity 40-45% - Backup power - No single point of failure- Raised floor- Fire protection systems- Physical security

Data Center (Cont.)

There are many definitions of “Green Data Center” from the Internet.

4.1.1 www.pcmag.com

4.1.2 searchdatacenter.techtarget.com

4.2 Green Data Center

Green Data Center is “A datacenter that is constructed to run as economically as possible. All computer, electrical and lighting systems, as well as the building materials, must be rated for maximum efficiency. The datacenter may also be augmented

with solar panels.”

4.2.1 Definition from “www.pcmag.com”

Green Data Center is “A repository for the storage, management, and dissemination of data in which the mechanical, lighting, electrical and computer systems are designed for maximum energy efficiency

and minimum environmental impacts.”

4.2.2 Definition from “searchdatacenter.techtarget.com”

From “www.computerweekly.com” in June 2008, Fujitsu has launched Green Infrastructure Solution Service to provide specialists with expertise in both IT and construction to assist customers with planning, design, employment, and operation, as well as building “highly energy-efficient datacenters” or “Green Data Centers”.

4.3 Fujitsu Green Data Center

The new efficient IT service aims to reduce power consumption and CO2 emission by as much as 50% of the previous level, excluding power savings from IT product themselves.

Fujitsu Green Data Center (Cont.)

From “www.computerweekly.com” dated 27 June 2008,Fujitsu announced the opening of its green data center which started in 2007.

The green data center is located in a former warehouse on a brown field site.

Fujitsu said the green data center is nearly twice as energy-efficientas previous data centers it has opened.

The data center uses advanced cooling, heating, and IT systems to tailor power consumption to processing and operational needs.

Fujitsu said it can save the equivalent power consumed by 6,000 every year.

There are many examples of green data centers4.4.1 Amazon Green Data Center 4.4.2 Google Green Data Center4.4.3 Sun Green Mobile Data Center

4.4 Examples of Green Data Centers

From “www.greenm3.com” dated 1 November 2008,DataCenterKnowledge reported on Amazon.com’s new green data center in Oregon, USA.

4.4.1 Amazon Green Data Center

The Amazon Data Center is located on the bank of the Columbia River in Oregon.

The cost of the data center being built is US$ 100 million.

Amazon Green Data Center (Cont.)

It will include three buildings.

The first building will be 116,000 square feet.

The hydro electricity on Columbia River basin uses cheap and clean power, which is also one of the main factors in Google’s decision to build its data center in the vicinity.

Amazon Green Data Center (Cont.)

From “www.internetnews.com” dated 3 October 2008,Google, the world largest search company announced how its squeeze considerable energy saving out of its data center.

4.4.2 Google Green Data Center

The purpose of Google is to reduce datacenter power costs by targeting the center, not the computer.

Google Green Data Center (Cont.)

The cost of Google Data Center is 21% or about 15% in some cases.

There are five elements of Google’s strategyfor building management:- Clean Energy- Server Retirement- Efficient Equipment- Water Management- Efficient Data Center

It can save about $30 per server per year.

Google removes unused componentssuch as sound and discrete graphics.

Google servers lose a little over 15% of the electricity they pull from the wall during power conversion steps,which is less than half of what is lost in a typical server.

Evaporative cooling has been used instead of refrigerators.

Cold water - Run thru the data center which the heat is absorbed from the computer.- Run down from the roof to the ground outside the data center, similar to at restaurant, to help let the heat dissipate.

From “blog.internetnews.com” dated 18 September 2008, Sun Microsystems updated information about its Mobile Data Center: - stored the data center in a mine deep underground in Japan where the climate is cool

4.4.3 Sun Mobile Data Center

- The data center consists of Sun systems densely packed in a standard shipping container, 20x40 feet.

- The data center hold 240 rack unitswhich could be large servers such as SPARC Enterprise M4000 and M5000 or third-party equipments.

Sun Mobile Data Center (Cont.)

- The data centers contain not only the systembut also the power and cooling necessary to operate the system.

- One of the most famous examples is 100 meters down an abandoned mine,relying on the natural cool climate.

From “www.informationweek.com”dated 14 August 2008,IBM launched “Eco Data Center” in Second Life.

Visitors who want to check out IBM’s latest eco-data center have to do as an avatar in Linden Lab’s Second Life, where the facility “exist”.

4.5 Data Center in Second Life

The data center will be used as a demonstration area for IBM’s eco-friendly technologies and services.

In early August 2008, IBM announced that it is planned to build a $360 million adaptive data center by renovating an existing building at its facility in Research Triangle Park.

Data Center in Second Life (Cont.)

IBM is also offering a consulting serviceto help users asses their CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) reporting, the effectiveness of their environmental policies, labor practices, regulatory compliance, corporate values, and other CSR-related activities.

Data Center in Second Life (Cont.)

5.1 What is Green Telework?

5.2 Timeline of Green Telework.

5.3 Examples of Using Telework.

5.4 Green Telework News.

5. Green Telework.

From www.flexibility.co.uk/issues/sustainability/green-telework.htm, Sun Microsystems and the Forum and the Future stated the “Green telework” will - reduce private car traffic by 3%

in the short term, with a potential for greater savings in the future

5.1 What is Green Telework.

- reduce traffic congestion at peak times

- reduce the need for more road building

- improve the efficiency of office space

- reduce the total energy use of companies.

What is Green Telework (Cont.)

The following recommendations were made:- provide financial incentives for companies

that promote green telework as part of corporate environmental

policy- encourage green telework in the civil service

- address environmental behaviour in the “Telework Guidance” document

- take responsibility for the environmental impact of their employee's working patterns

- look to sustainable computing models to reduce duplication of equipment between home and work

- promote energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy in the home.

Recommendations to technology providers:

- Products should minimise materials use from the outset. Miniaturisation can

help, but this should not lead to greater proliferation of devices

- Product life needs to be extended

- More advantage needs to be taken of mobile devices which use less energy and material resources than desktop PCs

- “Network Computing” solutions should be considered as they may have smaller environmental impacts.

There are many names of telecommute such as - eCommute - eWork- Telework- Work at Home - Work from Home

The roots of Green telework started in early 1970s technology, linking satellite offices to downtown mainframes by dumb terminals using telephone lines as a network bridge.

5.2 Timeline of Green Telework.

The massive ongoing decrease in cost and increase in performance and usability of personal computers forged the way to decentralize even further, moving the office to the home.

Timeline of Green Telework (Cont.)

By the early 1980s, these branch offices and home workers were able to connect to the company mainframe using personal computers.

The adoption of local area networks promoted sharing of resources, and client server computing allowed for even greater decentralization.

In the year 2008, teleworkers can carry laptop PCs around to use both at the office and at home (and almost anywhere else)

Teleworkers are linked to their home office by using groupware, virtual private networks, and similar technologies to collaborate and interact with team members.

As the price of VPN-capable routers, high-speed Internet connections to the home, and VOIP technology has plummeted in recent years, the cost to connect a teleworker to their employer's intranet and telecommunications system has become negligible when compared with the operating costs of conventional offices.

1) The U.S. General Services Administration.

2) Key Bank.

3) Guardian Life Insurance.

4) Holland America Line/West Tours.

5) California Public Employee’s Retirement System.

6) Bellcore.

5.3 Examples of Using Green Telework.

During a keynote address at the September 12, 2007 Telework Exchange Town Hall Meeting, Lurita Doan, at that time the Administrator for the General Services Administration (GSA), announced an aggressive commitment goal to increase agency telework participation.

1) The U.S. General Services Administration.

Her challenge was for 50 percent of eligible agency employees to telework one or more days per week by 2010.

In the year 2007, 10 percent of eligible GSA employees telework, compared to 4.2 percent for the overall Federal workforce.

General Services Administration (Cont.)

Her goal was to increase participation- to 20 percent by the end of 2008- 40 percent by the end of 2009- finally, 50 percent by 2010.

General Services Administration (Cont.)

Key Bank, the 16th largest banking organization in the U.S., participated in a study for 14 of its branches in the Seattle area.

The study revealed that 83 percent of employees lived closer to another branch office.

2) Key Bank.

Key Bank then implemented a program to trade employees who wanted to switch between sites, and the average commute for these employees was reduced from an average of 45 miles to just 15 miles or 69 percent.

Key Bank (Cont.)

When Guardian Life Insurance’s Western Regional Office ran out of space at its Spokane location, it implemented a telework program.

3) Guardian Life Insurance.

Starting with a pilot program of 10 employees, management evaluated the program and expanded it to 50 full-time teleworkers out of 635 employees.

Guardian Life Insurance (Cont.)

The Claims Approvers and Customer Service Representatives were provided with a PC, software, and combination printer/fax/copier.

Guardian reportก a 10-20% increase in productivity and cost savings from not having to add office space for 50 employees.

The program helped- retain top performing employees- enhances employee job satisfaction- increases the potential for overtime

and higher productivity targets.

Holland America Line/West Tours chose to implement telework when compelled to comply with the State’s Commute Trip Reduction law.

4) Holland America Line/West tours.

Holland America had 1,000 employees at its headquarters site, and turnover among reservation agents had grown to 60% per year.

Telework was chosen to address this retention issue.

Holland America Line (Cont.)

In addition to reducing turnover rates, the company found substantial productivity benefits.

Teleworkers could handle more calls and bring in more revenue than their office counterparts.

One Vice President said, “Three years of statistics revealed it took nine teleworkers to do the work of 10 in-office reservation agents”.

California Public Employee’s Retirement System (CaIPERs) was committed to helping reduce congestion and clean the air in Sacramento.

5) California Public Employee’s Retirement System.

This State Agency’s Employee Alternative Commute Program encouraged employees to use alternatives to driving alone, and one out of every three employees did use an alternative.

CaIPERs (Cont.)

In addition to a significant transit subsidy (75% of a monthly pass price) and a shuttle to a nearby light rail station, CalPERS had many on-site amenities, including a sundry store, locker and shower facilities, and secure bicycle parking.

CaIPERs (Cont.)

This large telecommunications research firm with more than 5,000 employees implemented a comprehensive Commuter Choice program in 1994 that included mode, time, and location choices.

6) Bellcore.

When asked what would encourage employees to stop driving alone to work, the most popular responses were telework and work hour programs.

The Bellcore telework program began with a carefully planned 90 day pilot program.

Bellcore (Cont.)

Telework increased self-directed, idea-focused employees realized up to a 20% in productivity.

This paved the way for 500 employees who later telework an average of 2 days per week and 500 more who occasionally worked from home.

Bellcore (Cont.)

Bellcore also implemented teleconferencing between its sites.

It estimated that this reduces 30,000 trips made between sites each year for a savings of US $2-3 million.

Bellcore (Cont.)

1) Telecommuting A More Attractive Option.

2) NEC to Let 90% of White-Collar Staff Telecommute.

3) Cox Communications Wins 2007 Citrix Innovation Award.

4) Telecommuting Could Save US $38 Billion Annually.

5) Virginia Gov. Announces Telework Policy.

5.4 Telework News.

From bizjournals.com dated August 15, 2008,

Business Pulse survey asked: Which option would you rather your company offer a 4 day workweek or telecommuting?

1) Telecommuting A More Attractive Option.

The voting broke down as follows: Telecommuting 52 percent Fourday workweek 43 percent Other 5 percent

A More Attractive Option (Cont.)

From www.tradingmarkets.com dated june 30, 2008, NEC Corporation in Japan gave 20,000 white-collar employees the option of working from home.

NEC Corp. becoming the latest Japanese electronics company to allow telecommuting.

2) NEC to Let 90% of White-Collar Staff Telecommute.

Some 90 percent of NEC's work force, excluding new hires and factory staff would be able to telecommute one day a week with their supervisors' approval.

NEC Corp. (Cont.)

The at-home workers would link up to company computers and servers over the Internet and would have to check in with their bosses via webcam at the start and end of the workday.

NEC Corp. (Cont.)

NEC has been experimenting with telecommuting since July 2006.

More than 70 per cent of workers participating in the trials responded that working at home improved their productivity, prompting the firm to implement a full-fledged program.

NEC Corp. (Cont.)

From www.citrix.com dated October 24, 2008, Citrix Systems, Inc. announced that Cox Communications, the third-largest cable communications provider in the U.S., was the winner of the 2007 Citrix Innovation Award “A Green Call Center Program”

3) Cox Communications Wins 2007 Citrix Innovation Award.

Cox Communications served more than 6 million residential and commercial customers and had more than 22,000 employees.

Cox (Cont.)

The Cox initiative created a more “green” call center by enabling customer service representatives to work from home, an environmentally conscious move that reduced telecommuter traffic while simultaneously reducing office supply and electrical consumption.

Cox (Cont.)

A Green Call Center Program increased worker satisfaction and retention. while saving the company more than US $3,300 per agent per year in space, equipment, and operational cost.

Cox (Cont.)

From www.informationweek.com dated August 15, 2008, Telework Exchange, a public-private partnership for promoting telework, surveyed 377 federal and private-sector employees and found that 92% believe they could do their jobs from home.

However, only 34% reported that they actually telework.

4) Telecommuting Could Save US $38 Billion Annually.

The study found on average, Americans spent US $2,052 annually on gas and an average of 264 hours, or 11 days, commuting each year.

Telecommuting Save Gas (Cont.)

89% of respondents said they would limit job searches because of potential commuting costs.

28% said they were seeking new jobs to reduce commuting costs.

If U.S. Workers who could telecommute did their jobs from home twice weekly, the country could save 9.7 billion gallons of gas and US $38.2 billion a year.

From sturdyroots.wordpress.com dated July 16, 2008, The State of Virginia announced “An Improved State Telework Policy” for directing all State agencies to consider ways to improve and expand agency telework and alternate work schedule programs.

5) Virginia Gov. Announces Telework Policy.

Telework reduces energy consumption, both in the amount of gasoline used for daily commuting and in office building energy costs.

Virginia Telework Policy (Cont.)

This policy provides a timely opportunity to create a culture of conservation within the State workforce, which can serve as an example for Virginia businesses in the private sector.

Telework promotes general work efficiencies by permitting employees to work at alternate work locations for all or part of their work week.

The American Electronics Association reported that a number of companies have also reported productivity gains.

IBM reported a 10 to 20 percent increase among teleworkers.

AT&T and Cisco Systems saw similar results.

Teleworkers at American Express handled 26 percent more calls and produced 43 percent more business than office-based workers.

To solve the problems of high oil price and global warming, the concept of “Green IT” has been promoted.

6. Concluding Remarks.

This paper presented- Green IT Revolution- Green IT at IT Companies- Green Data Center- Green Telework

Concluding Remarks (Cont.)

Twelve vendors including, Fujitsu have been named “Top Green IT Companies” by Computerworld for 2008and should continue to support “Green IT” for the benefits of all concerned.

Concluding Remarks (Cont.)

081113 It For Energy Conservation And Global Warming

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