03-Reciprocating Gas Compressors 1.0

7/27/2019 03-Reciprocating Gas Compressors 1.0

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Reciprocating GasCompressors

100psi

Gas well Gas pipeline

105psi

Applications

Gas compressors

Gas Injection

Gas Lift

Gas Gathering

Coal Seam Gas Evacuation

Gas Storage

closed

Summer

Gas Storage

closed

Winter

Gas Transmission

Station 1 Station 2

WATER STEAM

Gas Turbine

Fuel Booster Co-generation (Co-gen)

application

GENERATOR TURBINE ENGINE

BOILER

Larger diameter cylinders are for lower

pressures. Gas, at a lower pressure,

occupies more space.

The size of the cylinder is determined by the

pressure and quantity of the gas to be

compressed.

Smaller diameter cylinders are for

higher pressures. Gas, at a higher

pressure, occupies less space.

The size of the cylinder is determined by the

pressure and quantity of the gas to be

compressed.

CYLINDER BORE

INLET VALVES

DISCHARGE VALVES

Differential pressure opens

the inlet valves.

50 psi

45 psi

Springs inside the valve

close the valve.

50 psi

Differential pressure holds

the inlet valve closed.

50 psi

105 psi

100 psi

Springs inside the valve

close the valve.

45 psi

100 psi

Differential pressure holds

the discharge valves closed.

Valve internals

SEAT PLATE

DAMPING PLATE

DAMPING SPRINGS

CLOSING SPRINGS

What causes the pressure

changes in the cylinder bore?

~ r (length of bore)2

PISTON ROD PISTON

PISTON ROD

OIL IN

114.7 psiA

458.8 psiA

Ex: Overall ratio, when considering absolute, is 17.56 : 1

1st stg= 100-283, 2nd stg= 283-760, 3rd stg= 760-2000(2.6 : 1) (2.6 : 1) (2.6 : 1)

100 psi

444 psi

“?”

vent and drain

connections

C o m p r e s s o r

C o m p r e s s o r s a l

w a y s h a v e t h e s a m e s i z e c y l i n d e r s n o m a t t e r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n .

D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s

s u r e o p e r a t e s t h e v a l v e s .

A s l o n g a s t h e r e

i s e n o u g h h o r s e p o w e r , a s

i n g l e s t a g e c o m p r e s s o r c a n b e u s e d f o r

a n y r a t i o .

E x c e s s i v e r a t i o a c r o s s a c y l i n d e r c a n r e s u l t i n e x c e s s i v e p i s t o n r o d l o

a d a n d

t e m p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e .

T h e p u r p o s e o f a p i s t o n i s t o c h a n g e v o l u m

e w i t h i n t h e c y l i n d e r .

A c y l i n d e r c a n o

n l y b e o p e r a t e d a s d o u b l e

a c t i n g .

T h e p r i m a r y p u r p o s e o f t h e c o m p r e s s o r f r a

m e i s t o c o n v e r t r o t a t i n g m

o t i o n t o

r e c i p r o c a t i n g m o t i o

A c y l i n d e r c a n b

e m a d e s i n g l e a c t i n g b y r e

m o v i n g a d i s c h a r g e v a l v e

o n o n e

c y l i n d e r e n d .

L a r g e c y l i n d e r s

a r e n o r m a l l y u s e d f o r h i g h

p r e s s u r e s

P i s t o n r i n g s a r e

a d d e d t o s e a l t h e c l e a r a n c

e b e t w e e n t h e p i s t o n a n d t

h e b o r e .

N a m e :

D a t e :

P e r c e n t a g e :

C o m p r e s s o r

C o m p r e s s o r s a l w

a y s h a v e t h e s a m e s i z e c y

l i n d e r s n o m a t t e r t h e a p p l i c a t i o n .

D i f f e r e n t i a l p r e s s

u r e o p e r a t e s t h e v a l v e s .

A s l o n g a s t h e r e i s e n o u g h h o r s e p o w e r , a s i n g l e s t a g e c o m p r e s s o r c a n

b e u s e d f o r

a n y r a t i o .

E x c e s s i v e r a t i o a

c r o s s a c y l i n d e r c a n r e s u l t

i n e x c e s s i v e p i s t o n r o d l o a

d a n d

t e m p e r a t u r e i n c r e a s e .

T h e p u r p o s e o f a

p i s t o n i s t o c h a n g e v o l u m e w i t h i n t h e c y l i n d e r .

A c y l i n d e r c a n o n

l y b e o p e r a t e d a s d o u b l e a

c t i n g .

T h e p r i m a r y p u r p

o s e o f t h e c o m p r e s s o r f r a m e i s t o c o n v e r t r o t a t i n g m

o t i o n t o

r e c i p r o c a t i n g m o t i o n .

A c y l i n d e r c a n b e

m a d e s i n g l e a c t i n g b y r e m

o v i n g a d i s c h a r g e v a l v e o

n o n e

c y l i n d e r e n d .

L a r g e c y l i n d e r s a

r e n o r m a l l y u s e d f o r h i g h

p r e s s u r e s

P i s t o n r i n g s a r e a d d e d t o s e a l t h e c l e a r a n c e

b e t w e e n t h e p i s t o n a n d t h

e b o r e .

03-Reciprocating Gas Compressors 1.0

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