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ENDG 105-502 Fall 2010
Class 1.1Engineering Design Graphics -
Course Overview, Lettering, and Sketching
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Syllabus
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Course
Calendar
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Extra Credit
Near the end of every semester, a few students ask for
extra credit to improve their grade! My answer is always.NO. Study hard and do all the
work assigned and you should be O.K.
Keep all your tests, homework, etc. for proof and to use asstudy guides.
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Computer Log-in
Each person will receive a seven (7) digit number. That
will be your permanent user name for the classroom
computers.(all have the same first 5 digits -10502)
The last two are the numbers assigned by the instructor
examples. 01,10,15
Ctrl-Alt-Delete or Switch User
User name seven digit number(all semester)
Password password(initial password edg2010)
After you log in first time, you will be asked to change
your password. Select something you will remember
You will have some space on the computer to save work
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User Name 10502XX
Initial password - edg2010
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Learning Objectives
Demonstrate the proper form of lettering for
engineering drawings.
Use sketches to communicate.
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?
Importance ofTechnical Graphics
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
What steps ofthe linear engineering
design process involve the use of
technical graphics?
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Importance ofTechnical Graphics
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
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Importance ofTechnical Graphics
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
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Importance ofTechnical Graphics
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
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Importance ofTechnical Graphics
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
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Importance ofEngineering Graphics
Problem Definition
Exploration of Ideas
Design
Analysis
Refinement and
Optimization
Implementation
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Importance ofEngineering Graphics
Communicating Technical Information
Quickly and Accurately Visualizing Objects
Solving Problems
Conducting Analysis
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Major Areas in Engineering Graphics
Visualization
Ability to mentally control visual information
Graphics Theory
Geometry and projection techniques
Standards and Conventions
Sets of rules that govern how drawings are made
Tools devices (traditional and computer) used to create drawings
Applications
Various uses for technical graphics in engineering design
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Questions
What is the difference between Standardand
Convention?
Can you think of some examples?
Why do we need Standards and Conventions?
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Standards and Conventions
Standard
formal document that institutes a uniform method to perform an action or
defines a criterion for a product. Standards are defined by organizations
such as ANSI (American National Standards Institute) responsible for
regulating many engineering standards used in the US.
Convention
methods and criteria used so extensively that they become dominant and
generally accepted and adopted by the public. They are also known as
industry standards or de facto standards. There are no organizations or
formal documents that define conventions. These conventions can differbetween industries or even firms within the same industry.
In the United States, the Y series of the ANSI standards regulate
engineering drawings
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Engineering Drawing Tools
Traditional Tools are still important, especially for
sketching.
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) systems can be used
for most drawing and modeling requirements
We will start with traditional tools and use CAD later
in the semester.
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Engineering Drawing ToolsPencils
Mechanical pencils will give
more consistent results that
traditional wooden ones
If you use a wooden pencil,
rotate it as you draw to keep
the wear even on the point
Several lead hardnesses
(7B,, 2B, B, HB, H, 2H, 9H)
Most often used: H, 2H, 4H
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Engineering Drawing ToolsPaper
Wide variety of paper choices and sizes
(including a napkin you could draw on
during lunch)
Plain paper with no lines offers the
highest degree of flexibility
If you need guidance you can use grid
paper (square grid and isometric grid)
Letter size (8 X 11) is the most
common
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Engineering Drawing ToolsEraser
It should be used to correct
mistakes in a line, not to make
changes in a design
The eraser on the end of the pencil
should be sufficient
Separate erasers of multiple sizes
and shapes are available
Gum erasers leave less residue
when used
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Engineering Drawing ToolsOther Tools
Pencil, paper, and eraser should be ALL
you need to sketch
Tools like T-Squares and Triangles can:
slow you down
add a level of accuracy not needed in
early stages of a design
restrict the types of forms explored
They are not always available!
PRACTICE will allow you to draw lines
and circles good enough for sketches
without these aids.
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Question
How many of you have parents/
grandparents/aunts/uncles, etc. who are engineers?
Any comments about the way they think or
communicate? Anything peculiar about the way they
write or draw?
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Lettering
Lettering is a part of sketching and drawing
It will seem tedious but developing good technique is important
Lettering styles differ based on the function of the document.
The following figure illustrates a lettering style used for diplomas, but
would be too hard to read for engineering drawings.
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Lettering
The style of engineering lettering we will use in this course is Single
Stroke Gothic Lettering.
An example of each characters is shown below.
Notice that only capital letters are used, since we will use only capital
letters on drawings.
Each letter should be 1/8 in height.
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Numerals
Numerals should also be 1/8 in height.
Fractions should be twice normal letter height, but each numeral
(numerator and denominator) should be shorter than 1/8 toallow space for the vinculum (horizontal line which separates the
numerals).
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Lettering Techniques
Some letters are wider than others, so using equal spacing between
the letters would make the text appear confusing.
Hold the pencil between the thumb,
forefinger, and second finger withoutgripping it too tightly. The most
ergonomically efficient position to hold
the pencil is at a 60 angle with the
paper.
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EngineeringSketching
Engineering sketches are black and white line
drawings with notations expressing design intent.
They should always be signed and dated to verify
ownership.
First and foremost, sketching is a form of
COMMUNICATION.
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EngineeringSketching
What is the difference between these two sketches?
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Sketching
Emphasis will be on sketching geometric figures to represent
features of objects.
Medium grade pencils work best for sketching.
All lines should be dark enough to standout from the page.
Pure sketching does not require the use of any drawing
instruments.
Try to maintain proportion between features or objects
Should be the first step of any design.
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Use very light construction lines.
Box in the rough outline of the object.
Darken only the lines you wish to keep.
Clean up the edges and rough spots.
Sketching Techniques
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Sketching Techniques
When sketching LINES,
keep your eye on the endpoint.
If necessary, break long lines into short segments by
marking the midpoint
Make quick light strokes initially. Darken only the lines you want.
When sketching CIRCLES and ELLIPSES,
break large arcs/circles into small
segments.
Sketch a light square/rectangle.
Lightly sketch in diagonals.
Mark contact points on square/rectangle.
Rotate the paper for each segment.
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High QualitySketch
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Sketching Techniques
Chapter 2 in your graphics textbook gives good tips
on how to produce sketches.
You should practice the sketching exercises at the
end of the chapter to get more comfortable with
sketching.
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Uses ofSketching
Some sketching is to illustrate definite concepts.
Some sketching is done as an aid to clearer thinking.
Some sketching is done to illustrate actual objects.
It is very easy to fall into the trap of saying, T
hissketch is just for my use, it does not have to be neat.
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In- class assignment 1.1
Situation Saturday in the Fall, there is a football
game, you have just come out of the CVLB building
after finishing up some graphics homework, you run
into some fans of the opposing football team who ask
you for directions to Kyle Field. Sketch a map showing how to get from the CVLB
building to Kyle Field.(Use SINGLE STROKE
GOTHIC LETTERING AND NUMBERS ALL CAPS
for any text) Make sure your NAME(last name first), todays date,
and section number are on the sketch (SINGLE
STROKE GOTHIC LETTERING AND NUMBERS
ALL CAPS for text)
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Assignment continued
Trade sketches with a classmate to compare and
discuss.
Return the sketches.
Turn in your sketch at the end of class.
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A look ahead
Objects are three
dimensional and require
special care in order to be
represented accurately on a
two dimensional sheet ofpaper.
Special methods have been
developed to deal with the
projection of a 3D objectonto a 2D page.
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TaxonomyofProjections
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Individual Homework Assignment 1.1 Complete the Lettering exercise on page 14 of the textbook.
Make two copies of each letter, number and fraction, and two
copies of each sentence (use the guidelines provided) Fill out
the title block using Single Stroke Gothic letters and
numbers(1/8 tall and all caps for text).(last name first)
Complete Problems 1. (Bracket) and 4. (Tee connection) onpage 12 of the textbook(note use a separate sheet for each
problem). Use landscape paper orientation and Sketch the
object as large as possible on the sheet of paper. Make sure
your NAME(last name first), date, and section number are on
the sketch (SINGLE STROKE GOTHIC LETTERING AND
NUMBERS ALL CAPS for text) All slots and holes go all the
way through the objects (except for the Tee connection, the
horizontal and vertical holes intersect).
Staple all three sheets together and turn in one week from today
at the beginning of class.
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