00 Dynamic Earth Eng - Newcomers High School...of Earth’s Interior • As depth increases...

DynamicEarth

Earth's InteriorSeismic waves are used to infer Earth's interior:

• P-waves refract (bend) when passing into a material of different density

• S-waves cannot pass through liquids

P-wave S-wave

Earth's interior has 4 major zones (based on seismic waves)

• Outer Core is liquid (S-waves do not pass through)• temperature, pressure, and density increases towards the center

1. Crust - outermost, least dense2. Mantle - heat is transferred by convection3. Outer Core - metallic, liquid4. Inner Core - metallic, most dense

Reference Tables p.10

StructureoftheEarth’sInterior

•  TheEarth'sinteriorisdividedintofourmainlayers.– Crust– Mantle– OuterCore–  InnerCore

StructureoftheEarth

•  Crust:– OutermostpartoftheEarth

•  Liketheskinofanapple.Verythin.– Brokenintopieces– Leastdenseofalllayers– 1%ofEarth’svolume– 0-44kmdepth(average)

Crust

StructureoftheEarth

•  Mantle:– Layerbelowthecrust– Asolidthatbehaveslikeafluid– 84%ofEarth’sVolume

•  LargestpartoftheEarth– 40-2,900kmdepth– Thelayeris2,840kmthick

StructureoftheEarth

•  OuterCore:– Metallicliquid–  Iron,nickel– 15.3%ofEarth’sVolume– 2,900km-5,150kmdepth– Thelayeris2,250kmthick

StructureoftheEarth

•  InnerCore:– MetallicSolid– Mostdense– 0.7%ofEarth’sVolume– 5,150km–6,370kmdepth– Thelayeris1,220kmthick

TheMantle

•  Themantleisdividedinto3layers.– RigidMantle– Asthenosphere– LowerMantle

LowerMantle

700--

OuterCore

•  Thelithosphereismadeof– Crust– RigidMantle

LowerMantle

OuterCore

Asthenosphere

Rigid Mantle

Crust

Mantle

OuterCore

InnerCore

InnerCore

OuterCore

LowerMantle

RigidMantle

Asthenosphere

Crust

DoNow

•  Copytheques\onbelowandwritedownananswer…

From memory, draw the 4 layers of the Earth’s interior and label with the correct name.

Proper\esofEarth’sInterior

•  Asthenosphere–plas\clayerofthemantlethatdragsthelithosphere.

•  Plas\city–beingeasilyshapedormolded

CornStarchExperiment

•  Howcancornstarchduplicatethemovementoftheasthenosphere?

DoNow

•  Copytheques\onbelowandwritedownananswer…

Inferred – To conclude based on evidence The Earth’s interior layers are said to be inferred. Why?

Earth’sInterior

Earth’sInterior

InferredProper\esofEarth’sInterior

Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 10

Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior

ESRTPage10

InferredProper\esofEarth’sInterior

Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 10

Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior

InferredProper\esofEarth’sInterior

•  Asdepthincreasespressure,temperatureanddensityincreases.

Physical Setting/Earth Science Reference Tables — 2011 Edition 10

Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior

DoNow

•  Completethefollowing…

In the Diagram 1 box of the worksheet, sketch the glass to the right with water and food coloring.

TransferofHeat

•  Heatistransferredin3ways.

TransferofHeat

•  Conduc=on:Heat/energyistransferredbydirectcontact(touch).

TransferofHeat

•  Convec=on:Heat/energyistransferredthroughmo\onofafluid.

TransferofHeat

•  Radia=on:Objectgivesoffheat(radiates).

Convec\onCells

•  Earth'sinteriorishot.Theheatmustescape.•  Heatistransferredtothesurfacebytheprocessofconvec=on.

DensityofMaterial

ThisrisingandsinkingcurrentiscalledaCONVECTIONCELL.

Convec\onCells•  Convec\onintheEarth'smantleisthedrivingforcebehindplatetectonics.