Which bioenergetic reaction converts food in to a usable form of energy, ATP? Which bioenergetic...

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Which bioenergetic reaction converts food in to a usable form of energy, ATP?

Which bioenergetic reaction converts the sun’s energy into a chemical form of energy, glucose? Where does this reaction happen?

ATP10/2/12

The transfer of energy

All energy on Earth comes from the sun

The transfer of energy

Autotrophs store energy from the sun in matter in a process called photosynthesis.

Autotrophs are also called producers.

The transfer of energy

Heterotrophs get their energy by eating autotrophs.

Heterotrophs are also called consumers.

The transfer of energy

Both autotrophs and heterotrophs release the potential energy stored in matter by cell respiration.

The flow of energy

Energy from the sun is captured by chloroplasts

Mitochondria change the energy made by the chloroplasts into fuel for the grass to grow.

Mitochondria change the energy made by the chloroplasts into fuel for the grass to grow.

The bunny eats the grass for energy

Complete this worksheet

Bioenergetics, independent practice

Silent Seated Solo

Controlled Energy Flow

What is the safest way to get out of a building 5 story building? Walking down

stairs Jumping out the

window Why?

Controlled Energy Flow

What is the safest way to get out of a building 5 story building? Walking down

stairs Jumping out the

window

Controlled Energy Flow

The reason why going down stairs is less dangerous is because the speed of the drop is controlled.

The fast, big drop is changed into smaller, slower drops.

vs.

The same thing happens in your body.

If you released all of the potential energy stored in matter at once, your body would light up in flames.

How does your body release

energy safely?

The Function of ATP

When you digest food, your body transfers small packets of energy from the food that you ate to a biological molecule called Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).

ATP

ATPATP

ATP

The Function of ATP

After all of the energy is squeezed out of the food that you ate and transferred to ATP molecules, the dead matter is excreted.

Cell Part Number of molecules per cell

Molecules synthesized per second

ATP required per second needed for synthesis

DNA 1 0.00083 60,000

RNA 15,000 12.5 75,000

Lipids 15,000,000 12,500 65,000

Proteins 1,700,000 2,120,000 87,000

Polysaccharides 39,000 32.5 2,120,000

The Function of ATP

ATP is found in every cell of your body.

Every cell in your body uses ATP to do work.

ATP is cellular energy.

Your body is entirely powered by ATP

Practice

Write “Adenosine Triphosphate”

1. On your paper2. On your neighbor’s paper

Gotta get that!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_xZuCPIHvk

The Structure of ATP

ATP is made of: Adenine (A) Ribose

(sugar) 3 phosphates

(P)

The structure of ATP

Prefixes:

Mono 1

Di2

Tri 3

What is ATP?

Watch as Ms. Kuipers demonstrates the process of converting (changing) energy from food into a form that cells can use. In the space below, record what happens during her demonstration. (What important steps do you think you are observing?)

The Structure of ATP

Energy is stored in between the phosphate bonds.

The Structure of ATP

When a phosphate is broken off of ATP, energy is released.

This is kinetic energy that can be used to do work.

The Structure of ATP

Energy is stored in the new phosphate bond.

This is potential energy that is stored.

It’s a cycle!

1. Cellular respiration makes ATP by joining phosphate groups to ADP to make the ATP

2. The cell uses the ATP to do work. As part of this process the chemical bond between the 3rd phosphate group in the ATP is broken and energy is transfered to other molecules of the cell and lost as heat.

3. ADP and phosphate produced by the breakdown are now recycled into cellular respiration.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ya7fUkewjdA

Examples:

2H2 + O2 2H2O

You do it!

Na+ + OH- NaOH

Example

NaCl Na+ + Cl-

2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

Try this challenge Question!

AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3

Graphic organizer on ATP

Which of the following correctly describes how organisms use the ADP molecule?

a) Organisms release energy for use by removing one phosphate group from the molecule.

b) Organisms break down maltose into a simpler sugar for use in protein-building.

c) Organisms absorb energy by adding one phosphate group to the molecule.

d) Organisms convert ADP into sugar to provide the organisms with a more usable form of energy.