View
214
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Common Ion Effect
MgCO3 has a Ksp = 2.6 x10−5 in water.
What is its solubility in pure water?s = 5.1 x10−3 M
What is its solubility in a 0.30 M MgCl2 aqueous solution?
s = 8.6642 x10−5 M (quad. eq.)
s = 8.6667 x10−5 M (approx.)
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Common Ion Effect: Not so Common
MgCO3 has a Ksp = 2.6 x10−5. What is its solubility in a 0.30 M NaCl solution?
MgCO3 has a Ksp = 2.6 x10−5. What is its solubility in a 0.30 M MgCl2 solution?
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Chapt. 14Chemical Equilibrium
Sec. 7Will a Precipitate Form?
Will a Precipitate Form?
25.00 mL of 0.050 M Na2CO3 and25.00 mL of 0.0020 M Ca(NO3)2 are mixed. Will a precipitate form?
Identify the most likely precipitate(Table 4.1)
Find initial concentrations
Q vs Ksp
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases
Acid (A): proton donor
Base (B): proton acceptor
AH + B A− + BH+
proton transfer
H+
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Arrhenius vs Bronsted-Lowry
Arrhenius Acid: Source of H+ in water
Base: Source of OH− in water
Bronsted-Lowry Acid: Donates H+ from a base
Base: Accepts H+ from an acid
Lewis
Sec. 15.9 (skip)
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
Bases (proton acceptor)
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
Bases (proton acceptor)
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
OH-
OH- + AH H2O + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
Bases (proton acceptor)
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
H2OH2O + AH H3O+ + A-
OH-
OH- + AH H2O + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
Bases (proton acceptor)
Cl-
Cl- + AH HCl + A-
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
H2OH2O + AH H3O+ + A-
OH-
OH- + AH H2O + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
Bases (proton acceptor)
Cl-Cl- + AH HCl + A-
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
SO42-
SO42- + AH HSO4
- + A-
H2OH2O + AH H3O+ + A-
OH-
OH- + AH H2O + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Acids (proton donors)
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
Bases (proton acceptor)
Cl-Cl- + AH HCl + A-
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
HSO4-
HSO4- + AH H2SO4 + A-
SO42-
SO42- + AH HSO4
- + A-
H2OH2O + AH H3O+ + A-
OH-
OH- + AH H2O + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
AH + B A- + HB+
acid base conj.base
conj.acid
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Conjugate Acid
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
– Base Pairs
Cl-Cl- + AH HCl + A-
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
HSO4-
HSO4- + AH H2SO4 + A-
SO42-
SO42- + AH HSO4
- + A-
H2OH2O + AH H3O+ + A-
OH-
OH- + AH H2O + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HCN + H2O CN− + H3O+
Example: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HCN + H2O CN− + H3O+
HCN is the acidH2O is the base
Example: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HCN + H2O CN− + H3O+
HCN is the acid CN- is its conjugate baseH2O is the base H3O+ is its conjugate acid
Example: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HCN + H2O CN− + H3O+
HCN is the acid CN- is its conjugate baseH2O is the base H3O+ is its conjugate acid
CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH + OH−
Example: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HCN + H2O CN− + H3O+
HCN is the acid CN- is its conjugate baseH2O is the base H3O+ is its conjugate acid
CH3COO- + H2O CH3COOH + OH−
CH3COO− is the base
H2O is the acid
Example: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HCN + H2O CN− + H3O+
HCN is the acid CN- is its conjugate baseH2O is the base H3O+ is its conjugate acid
CH3COO− + H2O CH3COOH + OH−
CH3COO− is the baseCH3COOH is its conjugate acid
H2O is the acid OH− is its conjugate base
Example: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HNO2 + H2O NO2- + H3O+
CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OH-
Students: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HNO2 + H2O NO2- + H3O+
HNO2 is the acid NO2- is its conjugate base
H2O is the base H3O+ is its conjugate acid
CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OH-
Students: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HNO2 + H2O NO2- + H3O+
HNO2 is the acid NO2- is its conjugate base
H2O is the base H3O+ is its conjugate acid
CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OH-
CH3NH2 is the baseCH3NH3
+ is its conjugate acidH2O is the acid OH- is its conjugate base
Students: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
HNO2 + H2O NO2- + H3O+
HNO2 is the acid NO2- is its conjugate base
H2O is the base H3O+ is its conjugate acid
CH3NH2 + H2O CH3NH3+ + OH-
CH3NH2 is the baseCH3NH3
+ is its conjugate acidH2O is the acid OH- is its conjugate base
Students: Identify Acids and Bases
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Amphoteric
HClHCl + B Cl- +HB+
NH4+
NH4+ + B NH3 + HB+
H2SO4
H2SO4 + B HSO4- + HB+
HSO4-
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
H3O+
H3O+ + B H2O + HB+
H2OH2O + B OH- + HB+
Compounds
Cl-Cl- + AH HCl + A-
NH3
NH3 + AH NH4+ + A-
HSO4-
HSO4- + AH H2SO4 + A-
SO42-
SO42- + AH HSO4
- + A-
H2OH2O + AH H3O+ + A-
OH-
OH- + AH H2O + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Amphoteric =
Acts as both acid and base
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
HSO4- + HA H2SO4 + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Amphoteric =
Acts as both acid and base
HSO4- + B SO4
2- + HB+
HSO4- + HA H2SO4 + A-
H2PO3- + B HPO3
2- + HB+
H2PO3- + HA H3PO3 + A-
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Definitions
Proton
Acid Base
Conjugate Acid Conjugate Base
Amphoteric
© University of South Carolina Board of Trustees
Autoionization of Water(Amphoteric)
base
H+
acid
H2O(l) + H2O(l)
Kw = [H3O+] [OH-] = 1.0 x10-14
(at 24 C)
H3O+(aq) + OH-
(aq)
Recommended