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Happy Friday
Take out your class notes!
China Reunified: Sui, Tang, and Song Dynasties (500-1300CE)
Today’s LEQs: What came after the Han Dynasty? What changed and continued?
Reunification
After Han Dynasty (220 CE), China fell into period of disunity Not as traumatic (or permanent) as
the fall of Rome (Western half) Uncertainty and disorder paved
way for Buddhism China reunified under Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty (581-618 CE)
Founded by Wendi Utilized legalism Focused on building
projects (utilized labor taxes): Reinforced Great Wall Built Grand Canal
South grew drought-resistant champa rice (diffused from modern Vietnam)
Sui Dynasty
Restored Confucian exam system & bureaucracy
Launched expensive military campaigns but often unsuccessful (i.e. Korea)
Second emperor, Yang Di, assassinated by his own ministers in 618 CE
Tang Dynasty (618-906 CE) Military man, Gao Zu, restored order
and declared himself new emperor China became grew larger than ever
before Continued use of Tribute System as
means of “controlling” neighbors Activity: Compare the Tribute System in THEORY vs. Tribute
System in PRACTICE (Use pages 387-389)
Tang Dynasty (618-906 CE)
Tang economy very strong due to advanced infrastructure (roads, waterways, canals) and trade Grand Canal: continued to stimulate
trade Silk industry made China
exceptionally wealthy (although no longer a monopoly – secret got out some time between Han and Sui Dynasties)
State and Religion
Confucian exam system was back, but Buddhism’s hold was strong
Many Tang rulers had strong Northern nomadic roots and were devout Buddhists Mahayana (Buddha
= a god) Empress Wu patronized
Buddhism
The Ladies
Tang Dynasty Buddhism raised the status of women during that Dynasty
Nomadic pastoralist influence also allowed women more freedom
State and Religion
Support of Buddhism aroused the envy of Confucian and Daoist rivals Attacked religion as alien and barbaric Confucian leaders emphasized economic
loss▪ Monasteries not taxed▪ Couldn’t conscript peasants working on
monastic estates for labor tax 845 CE – Emperor began persecution of
Buddhists; Weakening centralized contro; Tang
Dynasty declined by 906CE
Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE)
In 960 a new military commander reunited China
Military focus on subduing strong northern nomadic pastoralists beyond the Great Wall
Song Economy and Society
Culturally and economically impressive Steady population growth Urbanization – largest cities on earth at
that time! Commercial Revolution (paper
money, banking, and credit) Port of Canton (Guangzhou) became
world’s busiest trade center
Religion
Confucianism restored: Neo-Confucianism Sought to prove the superiority of
Chinese thought systems over foreign ones (Buddhism)
In reality, it blended in Buddhist and Daoist ideas (sneaky, sneaky!)
Song Art & Lit
Well educated men expected to excel in many fields – spent evenings writing songs and poems
Art celebrated the beauty of the natural world and often included poetry
Enjoying art was an event!
Women and Neo-Confucianism
Used to justify subordination of women
Neo-Confucians attacked Buddhists for promoting independence for women in monasteries as nuns
Women excluded from education Chinese subjugation of women was
most obvious in foot-binding (lasts right up until early 20th century)
Foot Binding
Foot Binding
Foot Binding
Foot Binding
Foot Binding
Visual 9.4
5 Sentence Summary
On a maximum of five sentence strips, explain how China influenced your assigned region and/or how the outside world influenced China
Korea, Vietnam, Japan, Nomads to the North, Eurasia, “Outside World” influences China
In your notes, respond to this quote with evidence and support:
“If Chinese economic growth and technological achievements significantly shaped the Eurasian world of the third-wave era, that pattern of interaction was surly not a one-way street, for China too was changed by its engagement with a wider world.”
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