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* Strategically Feeding Protein and Energy During Winter and Managing Cow Condition
Don C. Adamsdadams1@unl.edu
Nutrient Requirementsof the Cow
Net Energy (NE) Requirements for a 1200 lb March Calving Cow with 23 lbs/day Peak Milk Production
NRC (1996)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Crude Protein in Cattle Diets on Sandhills Range
Cru
de
Pro
tein
, %
OM
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB
Month
0
5
10
15
20
25
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Dec
MeadowRange
Organic Matter Intake
g/kg BW
Particulate Passage
%/hr
Forage Organic Matter Intake and Particulate Passage Observed Using Steers Grazing Sandhills
Meadow or Range
Rumen Volume and Dry Matter Fill of Steers Grazing Sandhills Meadow and Range
g/kg
BW
.Amount of Milk Produced by
the Cow
5
10
15
20
25
Dai
ly m
ilk
pro
du
ctio
n,
lb
Aug 1 Sept 14May 28
Adams et al. 1993
High
Low
Milk Production by Cows With High and Low Production During Summer Grazing
June 18
(1)
(0.5)
0
0.5
1
Bo
dy
con
dit
ion
sco
re c
han
ge
June 19Beginningbreeding
Sept 20Weaning
Low
High
Body Condition Score Change for Cows With High or Low Milk Production During Summer Grazing
Aug 5Endbreeding
April 10On grass
Crude Protein in Cattle Diets on Northern Great Plains Rangeland
CR
UD
E P
RO
TE
IN, %
0
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Date of Weaning
Weaning Dates
• 8 weaning dates:– August 18, 1999 to November 24, 1999– August 16, 2000 to November 22, 2000
(140 to 240 days after calving)
Effect of Weaning Date on Change in Cow Body Condition Score
R2 = .95
Average Weaning and Supplement Effects on Cow Body Condition Score
From September to December
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
Dry Suckle No Supplement Supplement
Co
nd
itio
n S
core
Ch
ang
e
August weaning
1. No protein supplement during winter grazing
2. Protein supplement during winter grazing
Weaning and Supplement Treatments for March Calving Cows
November weaning
1. No protein supplement during winter grazing
2. Protein supplement during winter grazing
Effect of Weaning Date on Cow Body Condition Score
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Early LateP<.0001
Pregnancy
95.1%
94.2%
Effect of Protein Supplementation on Cow Body Condition Score
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.4
5.6
5.8
Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Supplement No Supplement
P<.0001
Pregnancy
93.8%
95.5%
November WeanWean
November WeanWean
No Protein SupplementNo Protein Supplement
August Wean
August Wean
Protein SupplementProtein Supplement
November Wean, with Winter Supplement November Wean, No Winter Supplement
November Wean, No Winter SupplementNovember Wean, with Winter Supplement
August November
432 518
Calf Weaning Weight, lb
Protein No Protein
397 382
Calf Weaning Weight, lb
Costs for Items That Differ and Net Revenues at Weaning
August November
Supp. No Supp. Supp. No Supp.
Cow costs, $/hdFall grazing 54.26 52.91 75.16 73.37
Total Cost 70.03 52.91 90.93 73.37
Supplement 15.77 15.77
Costs for Items That Differ and Net Revenues at Weaning
August November
Supp. No Supp. Supp. No Supp.
Cow costs, $/hdFall grazing 54.26 52.91 75.16 73.37
Total Cost 70.03 52.91 90.93 73.37
Gn/loss, culls -11.66 -5.39 -22.82 -16.06
Supplement 15.77 15.77
Revenue, $/hd
Calves 374.70 395.47 426.66 421.93
Net/cow exp. 293.01 337.17 312.91 332.50
Feedlot Performance
Weaning Protein Supp. Early Late Supp. No Supp.
In wt, lb 432 518 487 463
Days on feed 244 194
Interactions ES ENS LS LNS
Out wt, lb 1274 1259 1314 1213
Daily gain, lb 3.4 3.4 4.0 3.7
HCW, lb 796 780 816 754
Costs and Net Revenues After Finishing
August Wean November Wean Supp. No Supp. Supp. No Supp.
Costs, $/hd
Calf 471 449 474 451
Feed 326 301 269 249Yardage 74 74 59 59
Trucking 2 2 3 3 Processing 25 25 25 25
Total Cost 898 851 830 787Revenue, $/hdSteer 872 858 877 810Net/cow exp -9 3 22 11
Wintering June Calving Cows and June Born Calves
Cost of Winter Grazing (Jan – Mar) and Supplement for June Calving Cows
Dry-NS Dry-S Milk-S
Forage
Anim-Unit 1.10 1.10 1.50
Cost $/AUM 15.00 15.00 15.00
Total cost, $ 46.20 46.20 63.00
Supplement
Cost, $/lb 0.09 0.09
Cost, $108/d 9.68 17.64
Total costs, $ 46.20 55.88 80.64
End of Summer Costs and Breakevens for Calves Wintered in Drylot or On Range
Drylot
1999
Range
1999
Drylot
2000
Range
2000
Costs, $
Opportunity 351.66 365.52 394.66 387.52
Winter feed 66.26 24.76 77.02 25.01
Yardage 28.25 29.00
Summer grass
66.00 66.00 56.50 56.50
Total costs, $ 558.79 500.70 604.59 513.06
Breakevens 77.14 68.96 76.64 68.53
Finishing Costs and Breakevens for Calves Wintered in Drylot or On Range
Drylot
1999
Range
1999
Drylot
2000
Range
2000
Costs, $
Feed 195.80 181.10 208.69 201.16
Yardage 44.70 44.70 45.00 45.00
Total finish 259.07 242.52 273.76 263.55
Total all costs 817.86 743.22 878.35 776.61
Breakevens, $ 67.06 63.91 69.01 65.68
Wintering Pregnant Heifers
Crude (CP), Escape (UIP) and Degradable Protein (DIP) in Cattle Diets on Sandhills Range
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
CP
UIP
DIP
Pro
tein
, %O
M
APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB
Month
Ingredient MPR CPR
Cottonseed Meal - 58.8
Feather Meal 40.2 -
Soybean Meal - 17.8
Sunflower Meal 30.2 13.7
Wheat Middlings 26.2 -
Distiller’s Grains - 3.4
Molasses (Cane) 2.1 2.1
Urea - 2.8
Salt 1.1 1.1
Vitamin A Premix 0.2 0.2
Limestone - 0.1
Composition of Supplements Fed to Heifers Grazing Nebraska Sandhills Range
Ashby Whitman
Item MPR CPR MPR CPR
1997-98, % 95 95 84 75
1998-99, % 95 88 89 85
Pregnancy Rate of Heifers Supplemented to Meet MP Requirements or CP Requirements
1997-98 1998-99
Item Ashby Whitman Ashby Whitman MPR, $/heifer 19.56 20.29 14.81 15.12
CPR, $/heifer 16.85 16.96 14.23 14.53
Difference, $/heifer 2.71 3.33 0.58 0.59
MPR: NPV, $/hd 892.54 849.36 911.07 897.06
CPR: NPV, $/hd 892.54 815.57 893.59 886.96
Difference, $/hd 0.00 34.29 17.48 10.01
Return, $/hd -2.71 30.96 16.90 9.42
Cost of Supplements Fed and Net Present Value (NPV) of Bred Heifers
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