Place your homework ( the reading guide and the vocabulary) into the homework bin. BJOTD: What did...
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- Slide 1
- Place your homework ( the reading guide and the vocabulary)
into the homework bin. BJOTD: What did the cloud wear under his
clothes?
- Slide 2
- The Students will know: What Simony, usury, and indulgences are
Who was Martin Luther, Jan Huss, and John Wycliffe The Students
will understand: People desired a change in the way the Catholic
Church was run in Europe The Students will be able to: Describe
Martin Luthers actions leading to the Protestant Reformation List 3
reasons why people wanted church reform Identify two earlier
reformers of the church prior to Luther
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- Even before the Renaissance, people were critical of the
Catholic Church. Nobles in Germany and England hated the Italian
domination of the Church Merchants challenged the churchs view of
no usury Usury: lending money at a high rate of interest People
were critical of the Churchs power, wealth, and corruption
- Slide 5
- Common Complaints: Many priests were illiterate Nuns and
priests were having illegitimate children Church officials were
charging to see holy remains and objects Simony: the practice of
paying for a church position
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- 1300s-1400s: John Wycliffe From England Beliefs Felt that the
church (and its officials) should be poor Believed that church
officials should not interfere with the government of a
country
- Slide 7
- 1300s-1400s: Jan Huss From Bohemia Influenced by the ideas of
John Wycliffe Teacher at the University of Prague Preached the
ideas of Wycliffe and spoke out against indulgences
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- They are certificates issued by the church that were said to
reduce or cancel punishment for your sins FREEDOM FROM SIN
- Slide 9
- Jan Huss ends up being put on trial and burned at the stake for
heresy Heresy: a proposed change to a system of beliefs that
conflicts with the established system July 6 th is considered a
holiday in the Czech Republic
- Slide 10
- Dont forget: You can copy- paste this slide into other
presentations, and move or resize the poll.
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- The Renaissance values of humanism, individualism, and
secularism stimulated widespread criticism of the Catholic Church.
Why? People began to think for and about themselves, and wondered
why the Church, who abused their power, had so much of it.
- Slide 13
- Born in 1483 in Germany Came from a middle class family His
father wanted him to become a lawyer
- Slide 14
- In 1505, Martin Luther was caught in a thunderstorm and almost
struck by lightning! He began to pray and at that moment promised
God that he would become a priest
- Slide 15
- He is very devout and he spends hours confessing and praying He
is preoccupied with sin He asks, HOW CAN WE ALL BE SAVED? Spends
most of his time researching this very question
- Slide 16
- A person can be made good/just, simply through faith alone This
is known as Justification (or Salvation) By Faith
- Slide 17
- Pope Leo X (and Johann Tetzel) was trying to raise money to
rebuild St. Peters Basilica in Rome So he sold INDULGENCES and
church positions Luther did not agree with this "As soon as a coin
in the coffer rings / the soul from purgatory springs
- Slide 18
- Professor in Wittenburg, Germany Lectured on a regular basis
against the churchs actions that he deemed corrupt On October 31,
1517 he nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenburg
church.
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- Said that the Catholic Church was corrupt in Germany
- Slide 20
- Sales of Indulgences went down Luther published more essays
advocating Justification by Faith Pope Leo X sent people to try to
stop him but he refused So the Pope excommunicates him from the
Catholic Church
- Slide 21
- A diet (/dee-yet/) is a council of German Princes Wanted to
bring Luther back into the Church But Luther had to take back his
criticisms of the papacy
- Slide 22
- He is rushed into hiding so he wont get arrested He hides at
the castle of his friend, Frederick of Saxony While there he
continues to write about the abuses of the Catholic Church.
- Slide 23
- Lutheranism Faith is all you need to be saved Services held in
German All believers are equal Catholicism Faith and good works
will save you Services held in Latin Church was a hierarchy, there
were levels of worth
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- Dont forget: You can copy- paste this slide into other
presentations, and move or resize the poll.
- Slide 25
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- Prosecution Defense Witnesses Judge Jury Argument
Questions
- Slide 27
- 1. Read over assignment 2. Look over rubric 3. Assign parts 4.
Get started
- Slide 28
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diiZiLcSS W0&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diiZiLcSS W0&feature=related
Start broad, get more specific Have an end statement in mind What
do you want your witness to have to say?
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- Huldrych Zwingli, a priest, led the Protestant movement in
Switzerland in the early 1500s. Like Luther, stressed salvation by
faith alone Unlike Luther, wanted to break completely from Catholic
tradition and establish a theocracy, or church-run state, in Zurich
In 1525 he did but soon after civil war broke out over Protestant
activity and Zwingli and his force were defeated by an army of
Catholics
- Slide 31
- Grew up in Catholic France at the start of the Reformation
Educated in theology (study of religion), law, and humanism He
wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion in 1536
- Slide 32
- Views: Predestination: God already knows who will be saved
Faith is revealed by living a righteous life Strong work ethic a
plus Playing cards, bright clothes a no no
- Slide 33
- Calvin tried to turn Geneva into a model religious community
Established the Consistory, a church council of 12 elders They were
given power to control almost every aspect of peoples lives
- Slide 34
- All citizens had to attend Reformed church services several
times a week The Consistory inspected homes annually to make sure
that no one was disobeying laws Harsh punishments were dispensed to
people who disobeyed the laws NO Drunkenness Fighting Swearing
Gambling Card playing Dancing
- Slide 35
- It was led by local councils of ministers and elected church
members so it was easy to establish in most countries It had a
somewhat democratic structure which inspired intense loyalty
Calvinism became a dynamic social force in western Europe
- Slide 36
- Leader of Scotland Reformation Said to Obey rulers as long as
they do not disobey God.
- Slide 37
- Called the Anabaptists Initiated only adult members by baptism
This was contrast to Catholic and Protestant faiths which baptized
infants Chose to separate themselves from what they saw as a sinful
society
- Slide 38
- In 1534 some fanatical Anabaptists seized Munster, Germany
Burned books, seized property, and practiced polygamy (having more
than one wife) Lutherans and Catholics united to kill all
Anabaptists so many survivors fled to America Baptists, Mennonites,
and Amish all trace their ancestry to the Anabaptists
- Slide 39
- King Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife Queen Catherine
of Aragon (a Spanish princess) He believed Catherine was too old to
have more children and she had given him no heir to the throne He
decided to marry the seductive Anne Boleyn
- Slide 40
- Divorce is illegal in the Catholic church, and the Pope refused
to annul the marriage. 1529: Henry called Parliament into session
and ended the Popes power in England by passing laws to separate
the English Church from the Pope Act of Supremacy: made King Henry,
not the Pope, the head of the Church in England He then divorced
Catherine and married Anne
- Slide 41
- Henry took all the money out of the Catholic monasteries across
England for the crown
- Slide 42
- Catherine of Aragon divorced Anne Boleyn beheaded (adultery)
Jane Seymour died after birth to Edward Anne of Cleves divorced
(immediately) Catherine Howard beheaded (adultery) Catherine
Parr
- Slide 43
- Henrys first Queen Loved by England, true and virtuous Queen
Has daughter---Mary (will become known as Bloody Mary) Henry
divorced Catherine for Anne Boleyn
- Slide 44
- Once Henrys mistress, becomes Queen when Henry announces
divorce from Catherine Miscarries many children Has one healthy
baby girl DaughterElizabeth Henry orders Annes execution for
adultery, or cheating on him
- Slide 45
- Ruled after her brother Edward VI (Protestant) and her sister
Mary (Catholic) Made Anglicanism the official religion of
England
- Slide 46
- Spread the Protestant faith to the Americas through expansion
The victory over the Spanish Armada in 1588 ended religious
interference from the continent Elizabeth encouraged religious
tolerance
- Slide 47
- Witnesses: Place your papers in the homework bin! Everyone:
Make sure your group has books for everyone and your bin of
supplies On the back of your study guide is your bellringer. Work
on it individually, using your notes from the placard activity if
necessary. If you finish early, work on your map! (use page 54!)
BJOTD: How do spies send secret messages in forests?
- Slide 48
- Slide 49
- After the Catholic Church realized that the new Protestant
religions like Lutheranism, Calvinism, and Anglicanism were here to
stay, it finally decided to reform, or change, some of its
habits.
- Slide 50
- The Inquisition was a church court that was created to
reinforce Catholic doctrine (or rules) Catholics would look for and
punish people suspected of going against the church
- Slide 51
- Eliminate abuses Clarify Catholic beliefs Re-establish the
popes authority over church members
- Slide 52
- Pope Paul III called a meeting of his bishops They eliminated
abuses Council said that the priests CANT sell indulgences Created
seminaries, or religious schools to educate clergy They also
clarified the Churchs beliefs, like: Salvation through faith AND
good works Church tradition = to the Bible Latin version of the
Bible is the only accepted version
- Slide 53
- The Pope reestablished his authority by: Restarting the
Inquisition Starting censorship Only certain books were allowed by
the Catholic Church
- Slide 54
- Art Established baroque style that emphasized emotion,
complexity, and exaggeration (This is Gian Lorenzo Berninis Apollo
and Daphne)
- Slide 55
- The pope sent missionaries to convert new members to the
religion Missionaries: people who are members of a religious group
and are sent to spread the word about their beliefs
- Slide 56
- A religious group dedicated to Catholic beliefs and loyal to
the Pope Also known as the Society of Jesus Jesuits wore robes like
monks but did not separate themselves from the world Went to
different countries to try and convert people to Catholicism Opened
universities in many countries Became advisors to royal courts
- Slide 57
- Ignatius Loyola He was a Spanish noble and soldier; dedicated
himself to spreading the word about Catholicism
- Slide 58
- Using your book, work on your map that you picked up at the
door. Use page 54
- Slide 59
- England: King Henry VIII left the Catholic Church and started
the Church of England. Elizabeth I later turned it into
Anglicanism, a religion with both Catholic and Protestant
ideas
- Slide 60
- Princes in Germany signed the Peace of Augsburg which allowed
each German prince to choose the Christian faith of his subjects
(Protestant or Catholic) Resulted in a division of Europe into a
Protestant north and Catholic south
- Slide 61
- August 24, 1572 3,000 Huguenots (French Protestants) killed in
France In 1598 the Edict of Nantes is passed This edict (order)
gives the Huguenots religious freedom in France
- Slide 62
- Gave Protestant rulers a chance to increase their power They
could take the wealth and property of the Church New Christian
denominations more favorable to business practices This leads to
less domination by Italian-controlled Church
- Slide 63
- The Catholic rulers become upset that the protestants are
taking their power, and they go to war! Specifically, the Thirty
Year War (1618-1648) was a conflict over religion, territory, and
for power among European ruling families.
- Slide 64
- 1. Catholics (the Hapsburgs) 2. Protestants (Protestant
Princes)
- Slide 65
- Lasted about 30 Years For the first half of the war, the
Hapsburgs were winning They had more men and more money But, by the
second half, the Protestants started winning How? The French began
to fear that the Hapsburgs were gaining too much power so they
started helping the Protestants.
- Slide 66
- Who was he? A French cardinal (a high-ranking Catholic
official) who had a lot of power in France Richelieu gave the
Protestant princes money to hire more soldiers By doing this, he
changed the focus of the war from religion (Catholic vs.
Protestant) to politics (Hapsburgs vs. the French and German
Princes)
- Slide 67
- The Peace of Westphalia ended the 30 Year War Results: 1 st :
Weakened the Hapsburgs 2 nd : Strengthened France 3 rd : Ended
Religious Wars in Europeit was now understood that people could
choose their own religion.
- Slide 68
- The Renaissance had been a rebirth in Europe of learning,
ideas, and beauty. The Protestant Reformation stemmed from the
questioning that humanism encouraged The Catholic Reformation was a
response to the abuses the Protestant Reformation brought to light
In the end, Europe is religiously divided