Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space Made of atoms and molecules All around you! Can...

States of Matter

What is Matter?

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up

space Made of atoms and molecules All around you!

Can be found in four different states “state” = phase in which any given type

of matter can exist

What are the 4 states?

Three of the 4 states of represented in this picture Can you name them?▪ Solid (ice)▪ Liquid (water)▪ Gas (air)

What is the 4th?▪ Plasma

What are “Properties” of Matter?

Properties of matter Special qualities or characteristics used

to define and describe matter Two different types

Physical properties▪ Can be observed with your five senses▪ States of matter are physical properties

Chemical properties▪ Require a chemical change

Four States of Matter: Solid

Properties of a solid Definite shape, definite

volume, no compressibility (*impossible to squeeze into smaller volume)▪ Sugar, bones, ice, iron

Amorphous solid

Crystalline solid

Four States of Matter: Liquid

Properties of a liquid Indefinite shape, definite volume, low

compressibility (*difficult to squeeze into smaller volume)▪ Water, milk, blood

Viscosity▪ Liquids resistance to flow

Surface tension▪ Allows water to bead

Four States of Matter: Gas

Properties of a gas Indefinite shape, indefinite volume, high

compressibility (*easy to squeeze into smaller volume)▪ Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Helium

Solid, Liquid, Gas

Four States of Matter: Plasma Plasma resembles

a gas but has properties gases do not

Properties of plasma: Indefinite shape,

indefinite volume (like a gas)

Conducts electricity, responds to magnetic field (unlike a gas)

Temperature changes state Definition:

Average kinetic energy of the particles in matter

Temperature change leads to phase change Gases = high

kinetic energy Solids = low kinetic

energy

Temperature Scales

Two common scales Fahrenheit (°F) Celsius (°C)

SI scale for temperature is Kelvin

Summary

Complete your Cornell Notes summary What is matter? What forms can it take? How does matter change from state to

state?

Types of Matter

Types of Matter

There are two categories of matter: Substance▪ Matter that has a uniform and definite

composition▪ Examples: sugar (100% sucrose), water, oxygen gas,

chlorine gas

Mixture▪ Physical blend of two or more substances ▪ Lemonade, salt water, chicken noodle soup

Substances

Two types of substances Element▪ A pure substance▪ Cannot be broken down/separated into any other

substances ▪ Examples: Iron, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Compound▪ Substance that contains two or more elements that

are chemically combined (requires a chemical reaction to take place)▪ Can be broken down into simpler substances

Has to be chemically separated Examples: H2O, C6H12O6, CO2

Mixtures

All mixtures Physical blends of two or more things Can be physically separated

Two Categories of mixtures: Heterogeneous Homogeneous

Two types of mixtures

Heterogeneous mixtures Vary in composition Have two or more layers or phases▪ Examples: chicken noodle soup, spaghetti,

salad Homogeneous mixtures

Same composition throughout Have a single layer or phase▪ Examples: air, stainless steel, lemonade

Three types of mixtures

Mixtures have different properties depending on particle size

Three types 1. Solution: Homogenous mixture with

tiny particles. Example: salt water 2. Colloid: Homogenous mixture with

medium particles. Example: Jello 3. Suspension: Heterogeneous mixture

with large particles. Example: Italian dressing

Lets Practice!

Substance or Mixture?