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IPv6 in a Network Processor Based RouterIPv6 in a Network Processor Based Router
John DuJohn Du
Scott HahnScott Hahn
Intel CorporationIntel Corporation
2 ®
AgendaAgenda
What is IPv6?What is IPv6?
Network ProcessorsNetwork Processors
NPF APIs and ForCES ProtocolNPF APIs and ForCES Protocol
Putting it all togetherPutting it all together
3 ®
What is IPv6?What is IPv6?
IPv6 is the next-generation Internet protocolIPv6 is the next-generation Internet protocol
– Standardized by the IETF Standardized by the IETF
Designed to provide inexhaustible addressesDesigned to provide inexhaustible addresses
– 32 bit addresses for IPv432 bit addresses for IPv4– 128 bit addresses for IPv6128 bit addresses for IPv6
Greatly enhanced auto configuration capabilitiesGreatly enhanced auto configuration capabilities
Provides better solutions forProvides better solutions for
– Peer to Peer applicationsPeer to Peer applications– MobilityMobility– SecuritySecurity
4 ®
Drivers Behind IPv6Drivers Behind IPv6
Address shortage, especially in AsiaAddress shortage, especially in Asia
– Governments mandate a move to IPv6Governments mandate a move to IPv6
IP Services in Wireless NetworksIP Services in Wireless Networks
– Mobile Phones, HandheldsMobile Phones, Handhelds
More IP enabled devices in HomeMore IP enabled devices in Home
– CE Devices, Always ON Devices, New ServicesCE Devices, Always ON Devices, New Services
5 ®
IPv6 is Happening!IPv6 is Happening!
Major Operating Systems support IPv6 todayMajor Operating Systems support IPv6 today
Governmental and Organizational MandatesGovernmental and Organizational Mandates
Network Equipment Manufacturers seeing increasing Network Equipment Manufacturers seeing increasing demand for IPv6 supportdemand for IPv6 support
6 ®
IPv6 StandardsIPv6 Standards
Core IPv6 specifications are well-tested & stableCore IPv6 specifications are well-tested & stable
– IPv6 base spec, ICMPv6, Neighbor Discovery,IPv6 base spec, ICMPv6, Neighbor Discovery,PMTU Discovery,...PMTU Discovery,...
Other important specs are further behind on the Other important specs are further behind on the standards track, but in good shapestandards track, but in good shape
– mobile IPv6, header compression,...mobile IPv6, header compression,...
Some IPv6 related standards still being refinedSome IPv6 related standards still being refined
– Methods for address prefix delegation, flow label usage, DNS Methods for address prefix delegation, flow label usage, DNS server discovery server discovery
7 ®
AgendaAgenda
What is IPv6?What is IPv6?
Network ProcessorsNetwork Processors
NPF APIs and ForCES ProtocolNPF APIs and ForCES Protocol
Putting it all togetherPutting it all together
8 ®
Data Plane (DP)
Wire speed packet processing
NPUs:Programmability for new services
Control Plane (CP)Executes Routing Protocol, stacks, etc.
Standardized APIs to program Data Plane
HW
(PHY, MAC, NPE, SAR,
etc.)
SW (Protocols, Apps, OS)
Modular Network EquipmentModular Network Equipment
InterconnectProtocol
Scalable, extensible, interoperable CP to
DP interconnect model
Traditional Design
9 ®
Data Plane
Wire speed packet processing
NPUs:Programmability for new services
Control PlaneExecutes Routing Protocol, stacks, etc.
Standardized APIs to program Data Plane
Network ProcessorsNetwork Processors
Special Special Microprocessors for Microprocessors for Packet Processing Packet Processing and Forwardingand Forwarding
Replace ASIC based Replace ASIC based Data Plane with Highly Data Plane with Highly Programmable Data Programmable Data PlanePlane
Easy to add New Easy to add New FunctionalityFunctionality
Update Software; Not Update Software; Not HardwareHardware
InterconnectProtocol
10 ®
Packet ProcessingPacket Processing
Each Logical Function Block (LFB) performs a well-defined functionEach Logical Function Block (LFB) performs a well-defined function
Chained together to perform various operationsChained together to perform various operations
ReceiveBlock
Layer 3Forwarding
Block
Transmit Block
Metering &Marking
Block
11 ®
IPv6 Packet ProcessingIPv6 Packet Processing
IPv6 Forwarding Logical Function BlockIPv6 Forwarding Logical Function Block
– Forwards IPv6 PacketsForwards IPv6 Packets– Routing and some ICMP Packets to Control PlaneRouting and some ICMP Packets to Control Plane
ReceiveBlock
IPv4Forwarding
Block
Transmit Block
IPv6 Forwarding
Block
12 ®
IPv4/IPv6 Interoperability LFBIPv4/IPv6 Interoperability LFB
ReceiveBlock
IPv4Forwarding
Block
Transmit Block
IPv6 Forwarding
Block
IPv4/IPv6Interoperability
Block
Encapsulate/Decapsulate Encapsulate/Decapsulate IPv6 in IPv4IPv6 in IPv4
Supports the following IPv6 Supports the following IPv6 Transition mechanismsTransition mechanisms
– Automatic TunnelingAutomatic Tunneling
– Configured TunnelingConfigured Tunneling
– 6to4 Transition Mech6to4 Transition Mech
13 ®
AgendaAgenda
What is IPv6?What is IPv6?
Network ProcessorsNetwork Processors
NPF APIs and ForCES ProtocolNPF APIs and ForCES Protocol
Putting it all togetherPutting it all together
14 ®
Data Plane
Wire speed packet processing
NPUs:Programmability for new services
Control PlaneExecutes Routing Protocol, stacks, etc.
Standardized APIs to program Data Plane
Standard InterfacesStandard Interfaces
InterconnectProtocol
NPF APIsNPF APIs
IETF IETF ForCESForCES
NPF: Network Processing ForumForCES: Forwarding and Control Element Separation
15 ®
Network ProcessingForumNetwork ProcessingForum Industry-wide forum, 90+ membersIndustry-wide forum, 90+ members
Encourages the growth and effective use of network Encourages the growth and effective use of network processing technology (switch fabrics, NPUs, co-processing technology (switch fabrics, NPUs, co-processors) throughprocessors) through
– SpecificationsSpecifications– BenchmarkingBenchmarking– InteroperabilityInteroperability– EducationEducation
NPF Software APIsNPF Software APIs
– Software API Framework and FoundationsSoftware API Framework and Foundations– IPv4 Forwarding and ARPIPv4 Forwarding and ARP– Interface ConfigurationInterface Configuration– Packet Handler APIPacket Handler API– Functional APIsFunctional APIs
16 ®
NPF IPv6 Specific APIsNPF IPv6 Specific APIs
New APIsNew APIs
– IPv6 Forwarding Table APIIPv6 Forwarding Table API– IPv6 Neighbor Cache APIIPv6 Neighbor Cache API– IPv6/IPv4 Transition Mechanisms APIIPv6/IPv4 Transition Mechanisms API
Extensions to Existing APIsExtensions to Existing APIs
– Interface Configuration APIInterface Configuration API– Functional APIFunctional API
Current StatusCurrent Status
– IPv6 study group formed (June 2002)IPv6 study group formed (June 2002)– Charter and initial deliverables being definedCharter and initial deliverables being defined
17 ®
Advantages of StandardsAdvantages of Standards
Independent Software Development from HardwareIndependent Software Development from Hardware
Network Software Portable across a wide variety of Network Software Portable across a wide variety of hardwarehardware
Interoperability -> Vendor IndependenceInteroperability -> Vendor Independence
Easy development of New ServicesEasy development of New Services
Modularity -> Better MaintainabilityModularity -> Better Maintainability
18 ®
AgendaAgenda
What is IPv6?What is IPv6?
Network ProcessorsNetwork Processors
NPF APIs and ForCES ProtocolNPF APIs and ForCES Protocol
Putting it all togetherPutting it all together
19 ®
Control PlaneControl Plane
ForCES Component
NPF API Component (Including IPv6 APIs)
Data PlaneData Plane
Packet Processing Components (Incl. IPv6 LFBs)
IPv6 Routing Stack Config. & Mgmt. Appl.
Putting it all togetherPutting it all together
Forwarding Plane Module
20 ®
SummarySummary
IPv6 enables continued growth of the InternetIPv6 enables continued growth of the Internet
IPv6 and IPv4 will need to co-exist IPv6 and IPv4 will need to co-exist
Network processors make it easy to track evolving Network processors make it easy to track evolving standardsstandards
21 ®
Thank YouThank You
22 ®
AcronymsAcronyms
CP – Control PlaneCP – Control Plane
CE – Control ElementCE – Control Element
NE – Network EquipmentNE – Network Equipment
FP – Forwarding PlaneFP – Forwarding Plane
FE – Forwarding ElementFE – Forwarding Element
DP – Data PlaneDP – Data Plane
NPF – Network Processing ForumNPF – Network Processing Forum
IETF – Internet Engineering Task ForceIETF – Internet Engineering Task Force
23 ®
AcronymsAcronyms
ForCES – Forwarding and Control Element SeparationForCES – Forwarding and Control Element Separation
IPv4 – Internet Protocol Version 4IPv4 – Internet Protocol Version 4
IPv6 – Internet Protocol Version 6IPv6 – Internet Protocol Version 6
PDK – Platform Development KitPDK – Platform Development Kit
API – Application Programming InterfaceAPI – Application Programming Interface
LFB – Logical Function BlockLFB – Logical Function Block
24 ®
ResourcesResources
NP ForumNP Forum
– www.npforum.orgwww.npforum.org
IETF Working GroupsIETF Working Groups
– http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipv6-charter.htmlhttp://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipv6-charter.html– http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.htmlhttp://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ngtrans-charter.html
IPv6 ForumIPv6 Forum
– http://www.ipv6forum.comhttp://www.ipv6forum.com
25 ®
BackupBackup
26 ®
IPv6 ImplementationsIPv6 Implementations
Linux 2.2Linux 2.2
Sun Solaris* 2.8Sun Solaris* 2.8
HP-UX 11iHP-UX 11i
KAME, INRIA for BSDKAME, INRIA for BSD
Windows* XPWindows* XP
Nortel* BayRSNortel* BayRS
Cisco* IOS 12.2Cisco* IOS 12.2
Juniper* JUNOS 5.1Juniper* JUNOS 5.1
VxWorks* WindNet IPv6VxWorks* WindNet IPv6
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
27 ®
NP
F O
perations
NPF Services APIs
NPF Functional APIs
ClassificationAPI
Traffic MgmtAPI
ThisArea NotDefinedby NPF
IPv4API
ThisArea NotDefinedby NPF
Applications
OSPF, RIP COPS, CLI, SNMP Other Applications Control PlaneApplication Space
InterconnectForCES or proprietary messaging
System Abstraction
Layer
ElementAbstraction
Layer
Packet Handler
API
InterfacesAPI
MPLSAPI
DiffservAPI
APIs
Network Processing ElementsNetwork Processing ElementsNetwork Processing Elements
NPF Software Model
28 ®
ForCES ProtocolForCES Protocol
ForCES: ForCES: ForForwarding and warding and CControl ontrol EElement lement SSeparation eparation
IETF Working GroupIETF Working Group
Protocol for communication Protocol for communication between Control Element between Control Element (CE) and Forwarding (CE) and Forwarding Elements (FE) Elements (FE)
Data model supporting Data model supporting logical functionslogical functions
Network EquipmentNetwork Equipment
ControlControl
ElementElement
ForwardingForwarding
Element 1Element 1
ForwardingForwarding
Element 2Element 2
ForCES ProtocolForCES Protocol
29 ®
The transition to IPv6The transition to IPv6 IPv6 islands emerge at the edgeIPv6 islands emerge at the edge
IPv4IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv4/IPv6IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6 IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
Core becomes dual stackCore becomes dual stack IPv6 dominance with some IPv4 legacyIPv6 dominance with some IPv4 legacy
30 ®
IPv4/IPv6 Transition:Dual-stack techniquesIPv4/IPv6 Transition:Dual-stack techniques IPv4 and IPv6 co-exist in the same deviceIPv4 and IPv6 co-exist in the same device
– Use IPv4 to communicate with IPv4 devicesUse IPv4 to communicate with IPv4 devices– Use IPv6 to communicate with IPv6 devicesUse IPv6 to communicate with IPv6 devices
IPv4IPv4IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4IPv4
IPv4/IPv4/IPv6IPv6IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv4IPv4/IPv6/IPv6
IPv4 PacketIPv4 Packet
IPv6 PacketIPv6 Packet
31 ®
IPv4/IPv6 Transition:Tunneling techniques IPv4/IPv6 Transition:Tunneling techniques Enable IPv6 devices to communicate across IPv4 Enable IPv6 devices to communicate across IPv4
networksnetworks
– IPv6 packet encapsulated in an IPv4 packetIPv6 packet encapsulated in an IPv4 packet
IPv4IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
TunnelTunnelGatewayGateway
TunnelTunnelGatewayGateway
32 ®
IPv4/IPv6 Transition:Translation techniques IPv4/IPv6 Transition:Translation techniques Allow IPv6 devices to communicate with IPv4- only Allow IPv6 devices to communicate with IPv4- only
devicesdevices
IPv4IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv4
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
TranslationTranslationdevicedevice
33 ®
Drivers of IPv6 TransitionsDrivers of IPv6 Transitions
EnterpriseEnterprise• Geographically Geographically influencedinfluenced
Residential BroadbandResidential Broadband• Always on Always on new uses/services//devices new uses/services//devices• High speeds High speeds new home networks new home networks• Network enabled CE devicesNetwork enabled CE devices
Mobile & WirelessMobile & Wireless• New offer multimedia data servicesNew offer multimedia data services• Explosion of new IP-addressable Explosion of new IP-addressable
handheld deviceshandheld devices
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
IPv6IPv6
Emerging MarketsEmerging Markets• New networks/new usersNew networks/new users
IPv6IPv6
34 ®
Transitions by GeographyTransitions by Geography
JapanJapanAsiaAsia
Most address- Most address- constrainedconstrained
Proactive IPv6 Proactive IPv6 government policiesgovernment policies
Coordinated EU Coordinated EU Commission policy Commission policy
Strong momentum for Strong momentum for data over wirelessdata over wireless
Lots of addressesLots of addresses
Lots of deployed Lots of deployed infrastructureinfrastructure
But, Microsoft…But, Microsoft…
2003 - 20042003 - 2004
EuropeEurope
2004 - 20052004 - 2005
NorthNorthAmericaAmerica
2005 - 20062005 - 2006
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