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Ghana, Mali, & Songhai
+Empire of Ghana (red outline)
What do you notice about Ghana’s location? Geography? Natural resources?
Significance?
SALT
GOLD
SALT
GOLD
+Empire of Ghana (copy)
Merchants paid taxes to Ghana for salt &
gold
Ghana used
money to conquer
new territory
Conquered territories
paid tribute to
Ghana
-“Salt was valuable because .”
-“Gold was valuable because .”
+Empire of Ghana
BerbersPeople from North Africa who practiced Islam, spoke Arabic, & traded salt/gold across the Sahara
Importance?______________________
+Islam & Ghana
Before Islam After IslamReligion
•Ancestor worship• Power to rule came from ancestors
•Convert to Islam•Maintain old ways•Blend both religions
Language
• Tribal languages (Soninke, Mande)
•Arabic (in gov’t, trade, & cities)•Tribal languages
Laws •Only men could inherit property
•Women given some rights when fathers died
Economy
•$$$ from gold/salt
•$$$ from gold/salt
+Decline of Ghana
Almoravids – took over North Africa in 1000’s & attacked Ghana Wanted others to convert to Islam Weakened Ghana’s trade network Took capital city of Koumbi Saleh in 1076 C.E.
Significance of Ghana’s downfall?
+Video: “DE – Islam comes to Timbuktu”
Video questions (copy & answer): Name of empire after Ghana & who founded it? Who was Mansa Musa & what did he do? What did Muslims exchange for slaves & gold in Timbuktu?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuI5jgAFjeA
+Empire of Mali
Sundiata: founder
Timbuktu: capital city of Mali empireSignificance?
+Empire of Mali: Mansa Musa
Devout Muslim, but tolerated other religions
Mali’s most famous king
1324: Hajj (Pilgrimage) to Mecca 12,000 slaves; 80 camels; 300
lbs of gold
+Empire of Mali: Mansa Musa
Significance of Hajj? Attracted merchants & scholars
to Mali Increased trade between Mali &
other kingdoms Money funded the Renaissance
in Europe
+Decline of Mali (1332~1500)
Internal problems Disputes over succession Rebellion by Songhai people
External problems Invasions by Berbers & capture of Timbuktu (1433) Bandit attacks on trading caravans
+Empire of Songhai
Rebelled against Mali
Gao: capital city
Sunni Ali (king) Overthrew Berbers & expanded
Songhai empire
+Empire of Songhai: Askia Muhammad Spread Islam throughout empire
Successful in cities Not so much in countryside (still a
mix of Islamic & traditional religions)
Reorganized empire Set up provinces with governors
Yes, that’s from Aladdin. BUT he’s also an example of how Islam mixed with African beliefs
+Fall of Songhai
Internal problems Disputes over succession Weak rulers
External problems Invasions from North Africa (late 1500’s) Loss of $$$ (b/c lost salt mines) Major cities (Timbuktu, Gao) captured by invaders
+
BIG IDEAS in History
Notice any similarities between Ghana, Mali, & Songhai? Reasons for rise/expansion? Reasons for downfall? Other things?
+Homework
ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER!!!!!!
Write a summary of what you learned today, USING ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS:1. Trans-Saharan Trade, Caravan
2. Sahara, Savannah, Rainforests
3. Gold, Salt, Slaves
4. Berbers
5. Ghana, Mali, Songhai
6. TaxesConquerTribute
7. Mansa Musa
8. Big Idea: Reasons for rise of empires? Reasons for downfall? Similarities between the empires.
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