Expanding roles of I.S. Types of I.S. 1950-60 Transaction Processing Record Keeping Tradional...

OVERVIEW OF I.S.

Expanding roles of I.S. Types of I.S.

1950-60

Transaction Processing Record Keeping Tradional Accounting applications

1960-70s

Management reports to support decision making

1970-80s

Decision Support System

1980-90s

Expert System Executive Information System

1990-2000s

Internetworked I.S.

Types of I.S.

Operation Support System Management Support System

Operation Support System

Process business transaction Control industrial processes Support enterprise communication

and collaboration Update corporate databases.

Management Support System

It emphasizes the management orientation of Information technology in business.

Operation Support System

Transaction Processing System Process Control System Enterprise Collaboration System

Transaction Processing System Process data resulting from business transaction

e.g. process sales, purchases and inventory changes to update database.

Produces customer statements, employees paychecks, sales receipts, purchase orders, dividend checks, tax forms, financial statements.

Transactions are processed in 2 ways- In batch processing, data is accumulated over a

period of time and processed periodically. In real time processing, data is processed

immediately after a transaction occurs.

Process Control Systems

Physical production processers are automatically made by computers.

Computers monitor a chemical process, capture, process data detected by sensors and instant adjustments to appropriate refinery processes.

Enterprise Collaboration System Uses a variety of information

technology to help people work together.

Help to communicate ideas, share resources, coordinate workgroups.

Management Support System

It focuses on providing information and support for effective decision making.

Management Information System Provides day to day decision making

needs of managers. Provides a variety of reports. It retrieve information about internal

operations from databases that have been updated by TPS.

They also obtain data from external sources.

Decision Support System

These are interactive computer based information system.

That uses decision models and specialized databases.

To assist the decision making process. Provides information on an ad hoc basis

i.e. as needed. Important decisions software are

electronic spread sheets, graphic package, lotus 1-2-3, DBMS.

Executive Information System To provide the information to top

executives Sources are letters, memo, reports,

meetings, tele calls, social activities i.e. computer and non computer.

Graphic displays are used frequently. Immediate access to internal and

external databases is provided. EIS provide information about the

current status and projected trends.

Other Classifications

Expert System Knowledge Management Systems

(KMS) Strategic Information System Business Information System Integrated Information System

Expert System

The most practical application of AI is the development of ES.

It is knowledge based Information System

It uses its knowledge about a specific area to act as an expert consultant to users.

IT now help diagnose illness, search for minerals, analyze compounds, recommend repairs.

Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)

Some companies encourage employees to share what they know.

These are known as knowledge creating company or learning organization.

KMS help knowledge workers create, organize and share important business knowledge wherever and whenever it is needed.

Strategic Information System

It involves using information technology to develop products, services, and capabilities that give a company strategic advantages over competitive forces it faces in the global market.

It support the competitive position and strategies of an enterprise.

Thus it can be any kind of Information system that helps an organization gain a competitive advantage, reduce a competitive disadvantage or meet other strategic enterprise objectives.

Business Information System

Information system both operations and management activities in the business functions of accounting, finance, HRM, marketing and operations management.

Integrated Information System

In real world information systems are the combinations of several types of information system.

Example of payroll / labor analysis system Trends in labor cost is HRM IS. It is generated from data of payroll

system.