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Imperialism
Imperialism
Domination of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Causes
Economic interests Political and Military Humanitarian and Religious Goals Social Darwinism
Economic Interests
Overseas expansion Wanted natural
resources New markets of
consumers Place for growing
population
Political and Military
Needed bases to get supplies Nationalism National security Prestige
Humanitarian and Religious
Missionaries Doctors
Social Darwinism
Survival of the fittest for human societies
Racial superiority Improving human species
3 C’s
Commerce Christianity Civilization
Types of Rule
Direct rule Indirect rule Protectorate
Direct Rule
Send officials to rule Impose culture on colonies
Indirect Rule
Used local ruler Used military force if necessary
Protectorate
Local rulers European advisors
Africa in Early 1800s
Nearly 3 times the size of Europe
Hundreds of languages
Varied governments
Slave Trade
European nations outlawed transatlantic slave trade
Continued to Asia
David Livingstone
Explorer and missionary
Explored interior of Africa
Opposed slave trade
Henry Stanley
Explored interior of Africa
Explored Congo for King Leopold II
Cecil Rhodes
Supported imperialism in Africa
Helped Britain expand empire
Promoted separation of races
Berlin Conference
Held to avoid bloodshed
No Africans invited European power
couldn’t claim land unless it had government office there
France
Took large share of Africa
Colonies in West and Central Africa
Britain
Heavily populated regions with rich resources
West and East Africa Clashed with Boers
Boer War
1899-1902 In South Africa Guerrilla fighting British won
Resistance
Armed resistance Yaa Asantewaa
› Queen of Asante› Led fight against
British
Ethiopia
Menelik II› Modernized
Ethiopia Latest weapons and
European officers Battle of Adowa
› smashed Italian invaders
Preserved independence
African Elite
New class emerged Admired Western ways Clashed with traditions
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