By Suhardi Fac of Forestry Gadjah Mada UniversityYogyakarta Indonesia

Integrated Farming mix with Casuarina to increase our land

productivity and save our world from tsunami and earthquake

.By Suhardi

Fac of Forestry Gadjah Mada UniversityYogyakarta Indonesia.

The objectives of the research

• 1. To utilize the unproductive area for food and wood production

• 2. To get the best inocula for Casuarina equisetifolia in nursery

• 3. To get the best trees for wind barrier from several area in Indonesia and reduce the tsunami effect.

• 4. To get best food crop after wind barrier• 5. To increase more possible income for

farmer

Casuarina still survive after tsunami

Coconut trees and casuarina are also survive after tsunami and save many people

from tsunami and lack of food

Mosque and coconut trees and also casuarina are the last survivor

All buildings made by people or human being are all destroyed but

not the trees

Beginning site of rehabilitation

The beginning site of rehabilitation to protect and increase the productivity

( eventhough some area are also found as mangrove site but Indonesia mostly dominated by sandy and open area)

Why we have to utilize coast land

• Length of coast land about 81,000 km in Indonesia ( the longest beach in the world)

• In the case of Special Province of Yogyakarta is about 8,000 ha ( Sultan Ground and Paku Alaman Ground ) and the rest is belong to farmer/ private but not yet identified.

• Farmer in Yogyakarta has only < 0.2 ha/farmer ( needed to increase the area)

Problems of ulization of coast land

• Very high content of salt and cause damage directly and indirectly to the crop and trees Less of organic matter

• All of the infrastructure will be destructed by salty of air, water and vapor

• Strong wind will increase evaporation and also transpiration of all crops and need a lot of water

Casuarina equisetifolia sp for wind barier

• It has special nitrogen fixing microorganism of Frankia sp

• 12 % used for industries and the rest still for fire work

• The genus resistance to alkalis and high saline• Best for fire work and best quality• Medicinal plant from skin of stump can be used

for stomachache and dysentry while the leaves for headache

After one year planting of Casuarina equisetifolia( setahun

setelh rehabilitasi)

Agroforestry system mix with corn( campuran dengan jagung)

SAMAS beach before and after rehabilitation

After rehabilitation

Casuarina equisetifolia after fruiting

What crops could be planted under and after Casuarina equisetifolia ?

• Cassava could produce from 30 to 60 ton/ha/harvest ( ketela pohon )

• Artocarpus communis ( sukun)• Sweet potato ( ketela rambat)• Corn ( jagung)• Water melon ( semangka)• Peanut ( kacang tanah)• Pepper ( lombok )• Onion ( brambang )• etc

Pepper , corn and Casuarina equisetifolia

Pepper and corn with casuarina

Result of mono and heteroculture for planting methodsof vegetables ( Idha Widhi Arsanti et al, agrosains vol 16 (3) )

Total income Cost Profit

Parikesit hetero

229,508,463 104,059,477 125,448,985

Parikesit mono

52,641,135 53,745,630 - 1,108,495

Planting Solanum tuberosum

Cattle production

• Cattle such as :– Cow ( sapi)– Sheep ( kambing)– Duck ( itik)

For duck( peternakan bebek)

Cow for their population ,meat , energy and fertilizer

Fertilizer for sand dune /coast land

• A .90 ton/ha produce of cow dung and mulching 12 ton/ha – 8.62 ton/ha pepper

• B. 90 ton/ha with mulching 6 ton/ha produce – 2.74 ton/ha pepper

Onion production

• No cow dung fertilizer – 1.69 ton/ha

• With 90 ton cow dung fertilizer produce– 7.53 ton/ha

After two years of rehabilitation of Samas beach

Recreation area after suceed rehabilitation and could protect or

reduce tsunami effect

Under trees form floor as sleeping mat

Mushroom emerge after 4 years rehabilitation

Mushroom emerge after rehabilitation

Frankia formation on the root system

Frankia in the root of Casuarina Equisetifolia

5 Years after rehabilitation

5 Years after rehabilitation

Problems of infrastructure of irrigation should consider the resistance to saline

condition

This condition is ready for agroforestry system)

They start planting Casuarina equisetifolia

Another sample rehabilitation in Pandan Simo / shrimp company Indocor

In the beginning of rehabilitation

In the beginning of rehabilitation

After three months of planting

One year of rehabilitation after several planting were fail

Become nice site for recreation

After rehabilitation

10 years after rehabilitation

Ready for agroforestry or integrated farming and reduce tsunami effect