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Ch.1-3 Studying Life
Biology – The study of life, living things
◦Bio- = life
◦–ology= study of
To be considered living things it must possess all of the characteristics of life.
Some non-living things may possess some of the characteristics.
8 Characteristics of Living Things
◦Unicellular=a single cell
◦Multicellular=more than a single cell
1) Living things are made up of many units called cells.
◦Sexual reproduction= DNA from two parents; offspring different than parent
◦Asexual reproduction=single parent; offspring the same as parent
2) Living things reproduce
DNA
3) Living things are based on a universal genetic code.
Become larger
Change over time
◦Differentiation=cells begin to look different and perform different functions.
4) Living things grow and develop.
Metabolism=chemical reactions in the body that build and break down materials
Generally: ◦plants=photosynthesis◦animals=eating
5) Living things obtain and use materials and energy.
Stimulus=a signal to which we respond (bell ringing)
Response=a reaction to a stimulus(move to next class)
6) Living things respond to their environment.
Homeostasis=internal conditions remain constant (lizards sun themselves)
7) Living things maintain a stable internal environment.
Evolution
8) Taken as a group, living things change over time.
Zoologists= study of animals
Botanists=study of plants
Paleontologists= study of ancient life
Branches of Biology
(from most simple to most complex)
Living things may be studied at different levels
MoleculesGroups of atoms
Examples:
Water DNA
Cells Smallest unit of life
Example:
Nerve cell
Groups of Cells Tissues, organs, and organ systems
Example:
Nervous tissue Brain Nervous system
Organism Individual living thing
Example:
Bison
Population Group of organisms of one type that live in
the same area
Bison herd
Community Populations that live together in a defined
area
Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass
Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Ecosystem Community and its nonliving surroundings
Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air
Biosphere The part of Earth that contains all
ecosystems
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