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© 2019 JETIR January 2019, Volume 6, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162)
JETIRDW06003 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 6
Study of an Urban Area, Udaipur
Gazal Soni1 Pranav Prabhakar
2
1Department of Urban Planning, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab
2Guru Nanak Dev University, Ludhiana, Punjab
Abstract Udaipur lies in North-eastern part of Girwa Tehsil; It is located in the centre of a Saucer Shaped
Valley basin and is surrounded by Aravalli hills. Udaipur lies between 24028’49” and 24
042’56”
North Longitude and 73036’51” and 73
049’46” East Latitudes. It has an altitude of 578mts from
mean sea level. Udaipur is located along Delhi-Ahmadabad National Highway number 76 in Udaipur district and Girwa Tehsil of Rajasthan. The town has access through State Highway (SH-9 & SH-32). The state Highway connects Udaipur to Chittorgarh, Mount Abu and Banswada. The city is also well connected through railways, as it has broad gauge connecting it directly to Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ahemdabad, Chittorgarh and Delhi. Udaipur also has an airport, 22 kms East from. The main city, where regular flights for Delhi, Jaipur, Mumbai and Jodhpur are available. This paper covers. Landuse and demography of City, Udaipur.
Keywords- Landuse, Demography, Population, Growth
1. LANDUSE
1.1 LANDUSE – 1972
At that time total area under MUNCIPAL CORPORATION is 5981.25 hectares and total
developed area is 2268.22 hectares. In this period city grows in compact form, all development
comes in walled city area and near by walled city area. At this time public-semipublic area is
developed in all direction`s of the city[1]. City grows in haphazard way so walled city area
became a congested area of the city. The percentage and area under different Landuse is given in
Table 1.
Table 1: Landuse Distribution- 1972
Sr. No Landuse area in hectares Percentage Standards(UDPFI)
1 Residential 719.64 39.72% 45-50%
2 Commercial 46.53 2.5% 02-03%
3 Industrial 68.79 3.7% 08-10%
4 Public/semipublic 668.47 34% 06-08%
5 Parks 100 5.40% 12-14%
6 Circulation 218.85 14.08% 10-12%
7 Water bodies Balance
Total 1821 100.00% 100% Source: computed values, As per UDPFI Guidelines for small cities
1.2 LANDUSE 1997
The Municipal area of Udaipur has increased from 5981.25 hectares to 6692.40 hectares. The
total developed area is 4500 hectares. In this decade city grows in spread form, city grows in all
directions. City grows along with major roads and near public/semi-public area. Some planned
area`s are developed by UIT and housing board.
Table 2: Landuse Distribution- 1997
Sr. No Landuse area in
Percentage
Standards (UDPFI)
hectares
1 Residential 2488 55.27% 40-45%
2 Commercial 283.27 6.29% 03-04%
3 Industrial 434.63 9.6% 8-10%
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4 Public/semipublic 752.71 16.72% 10-12%
5 Parks 115.33 2.56% 18-20%
6 Circulation 426.94 9.48% 12-14%
7 Total 4500 100.00% 100.00%
Waterbodies & agriculture 3804.44 - Balance
Source: computed values, As per UDPFI Guidelines for Medium Cities
1.3 EXISTING LANDUSE-2012
Table 3: Existing Landuse Distribution - 2012
Landuse Area Developed area Urban area in Standards
(in hectares) in percentage percentage (UDPFI)
Residential 6283.14 64.90 41.90 40-45%
Commercial 337.55 3.45 2.20 03-04%
Industrial 519.2 5.36 3.45 08-10%
Public/semi public 1218 12.58 8.13 10-12%
Parks 159 1.60 1.03 18-20%
Circulation 1163 12.00 7.70 12-14%
Total 9679.88 100 100 100
Waterbodies 458.39 3.06 Balance
Agriculture 769.38 5.13 Balance
Others 4065 27.06 Balance
Source: computed values, As per UDPFI Guidelines for Medium Cities
Municipal limit remains same so, total area under municipal limit is 6692.40 hectares and the total
urban developed area is 9679.88 hectares. So, Udaipur has seen a rapid and fast physical growth,
spreading horizontally,beyond the proposed urbanizable area 2022. The shape of the toadys`s city is
amoebic, spreading in all directions. City growth in the east direction of the city because in this
direction city have plain area. So all development comes in that particular area like bhuwana area.
Both planned and unplanned development comes in the city. The percentage of area under different
landuses as given below in table 3
1.4 CHANGES IN LANDUSE:
The percentage of area under different landuses as given below in table 4 Table
4: Change in Landuse
Landuse Total Total Total % of % of % of Standards
developed area developed developed land land land according
in hectares area in area in under under under (UDPFI)
(1972) hectares hectares use use use
(1997) (2012) 1972 1997 2012
Residential 719.64 2488 6283.14 31.72 55.27 64.90 40-45%
Commercial 46.53 283.27 337.55 3.10 6.29 3.45 3-4%
Industrial 68.79 434.63 519.2 3.40 9.60 5.36 8-10%
Public/semi- 668.47 752.71 1218 43.27 16.72 12.58 10-12%
public
Parks & open 100 115.33 159 4.40 2.56 1.60 18-20%
spaces
Circulation 218.85 426.9 1163 14.08 9.48 12 12-14%
Developed area 1821 4500 9679.88
Water bodies 458.39 Source: Computed Values Table: 6.4 Change in Landuse Distribution
Percentage of landuse under residential use has increased from decade to decade now 64.90
percent area of total developed area is under residential use. Percentage of commercial area
increases as city grows. Many new industries come in the city which is essential to boost the
economy of the city. Percentage of public/ semipublic decreases but its area increases than last
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decade, so there is no problem in this side. Many new institutes come in the city because Udaipur
is institutional hub center of the state. Percentage of landuse under circulation has been increased
as new roads are add in the circulation network of the city. Percentage of area under parks and
open spaces was already negligible in 1997 and in further reduced drastically by 1 percent.
1.5 URBAN SPRAWL
Urban sprawl is an important aspect which is to be studied to see the growth of the urban area
beyond M.C. boundary. In which haphazard growth of the town is taking place and the urban
growth is coming along the major road and near university area. Some unplanned growth comes
near industrial area also. But in this haphazard growth one planned area is also developed by UIT
in Bhuwana zone.
1.6 COMPARISON OF EXISTING LANDUSE WITH PROPOSED
LANDUSE
After comparison we find out that maximum development according to proposed landuse. Only
12% area on which landuse feature is different from proposed landuse. Beyond municipal limit
maximum landuse is not according to proposed landuse. Maximum change in existing and
proposed landuse in parks, they convert parks landuse into residential landuse. Commercial
landuse comes along major roads.
2. DEMOGRAPHY
Udaipur is the city situated in Udaipur district in Rajasthan, having a population of 451735 (as
per 2011 census). The demographic study of this city has been done under the following
categories:
1. Population of Local Planning Area 2. Growth of Population 3. Population Density 4. Ward wise Population Distribution
2.1 POPULATION OF LOCAL PLANNING AREA
The population of Local Planning Area is 560438 and it comprises 69.49% of city population
i.e., 389438. The area under Local Planning Area is 67035 hectares.
2.2 GROWTH OF POPULATION
The population of the city has been increasing steadily. In 1961, the population of the city
was 1.11 lakhs which increased to 4.52 lakhs in 2011.. In 1961 the city population
comprises 69.81 % of the district population and it rose to 79.16% in 2011. In comparison to state population, the city population comprises 3.38 % of total population in 1961 and
its percentage reduces to 2.64% in 20011. It is shown in Table 8.1 and Fig. 8.1. As per
Master Plan of Udaipur (1997-2022), the projected population was 5.99 lakhs in 2011 and 8.30 lakhs in 2022. But the population of city is not growing as per projections as it was
4.52 lakhs as per 2011 census.
Table 5: Growth of Population, 1961-2011
Year Population of City Population of District (in Population of Rajasthan (in
(in lakhs) lakhs) lakhs)
1961 1.11 1.59 32.81
1971 1.61 2.22 45.43
1981 2.33 3.55 72.11
1991 3.09 4.94 100.67
2001 3.89 4.90 132.14
2011 4.52 5.71 170.81 Source: Census of India 1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011
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Fig. 1: Growth of Population, 1961-2011 Growth Rate The growth rate of city is decreasing with passing decades as it was 45.11%
between1961-1971 and it decreased to 16% between 2001- 2011. The highest decrease in growth
rate was in 2001-2011.The growth rate of District and Rajasthan is also decreasing, except for
the year 1981 in which it increased. The growth rate of district increased in 2001-2011. It is
shown with table 6 and fig. 2
Table 6: Growth Rate of Udaipur, District and Rajasthan (1961-2011)
Year Growth Rate of Urban Growth Rate of Urban Growth Rate of
City (%) District (%) Rajasthan (%)
1961-1971 45.11 38.69 38.47
1971-1981 44.22 60.04 58.69
1981-1991 32.67 39.11 39.62
1991-2001 26.21 -0.75 31.26
2001-2011 16.00 16.49 29.26
Source: Computed Values, Census of India1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011
Fig. 6: Growth Rate of Udaipur, District and Rajasthan (1971-2011)
Inclusion of some towns of Udaipur district into Rajasamand district in April, 1991 which is the
chief reason for Negative Growth Rate in Udaipur District in 1991. The Literacy Rate is also
increasing, which creates awareness among people about the benefits of small family.
2.3 DENSITY OF POPULATION The density in city is increasing with passing decades except for the year 1971. It was 31 in 1961
and it rose to 67 in 2011. It is shown by table 7 and fig. 3. The density is increasing due to
increasing concentration of population in small area. The highest increase in density was in 1991.
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The density of district was 1844 in 1981 which is much higher than the city. As per Norms and
Standards the density of medium city should lies between “100-150 persons per hectare”1 and
the city shows lower density [2].Table 7: Population Density (in hectares), 1961-2011
Year Population Area Density
1961 111139 3597 31
1971 161278 5921 27
1981 232588 6410 36
1991 308571 6428 48
2001 389438 6667 58
2011 451735 6700 67
Source: Computed Values, Census of India 1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011
Series1, 2011, 67
PER
SON
S/H
ECT
AR
E Series1, 2001, 58
Series1, 1991, 48
Series1, 1981, 36 Series1, 1961, 31
Series1, 1971, 27
NO
. OF
YEARS
Fig. 3: Population Density (in hectares), 1961-2011
2.4 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN WARDS
Ward wise distribution of population presents a picture of demographic structure of the city.
From the table 8 it is clear that there are 6 wards which accommodate higher number of persons
in them due to large area under them and these wards show planned development. Among them
ward no. 7 is having highest population. The wars having population range between 6000-12000
comprise 56.9% of total population.On the other hand, the wards in the central part of the city
accommodate lesser population and among them ward no. 37 is having lowest population. The
main reason for it is the smallest area acquired by them.
Table 8: Categorization of Wards Based Upon Population, 2001
Population Frequency Wards Area
Range (Hectares)
BELOW 6000 16 10,20,21,22,30,35,36,37,38,42,44,45,46,47,4 499
9,50
6000 - 12000 28 1,2,3,5,6,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,23,24,25 4722
,27,29,31,32,33,34,39,40,41,43,48
ABOVE 12000 6 4,7,8,11,26,28 1446
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Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001
2.5 WARD WISE POPULATION DENSITY
It presents a relationship between population and area. From the table
9 it is clear that there are 29 wards which are having higher density
due to small area under them and among them ward no. 42 is having
highest density. On the other hand, there are 4 wards which are
having population density between 100-150 and among them ward
no. 39 is having lowest density. It reveals that wards which are having
high population but smaller area are having higher density and
consequent congestion. The wards which are having less population
in a large area shows lesser density. Population is highly concentrated
in walled city and it is low in peripheral wards. The population
density of the city has a strong positive correlation with the
availability of physical infrastructure like water water supply and
sewerage connection.
Table 9: Categorization of Wards Based Upon Population Density,
2001
Density Frequency Wards Area
(Persons/Hectare (Hectares)
Below 100 27 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,18,19,20, 6089
21,24,25,26,28,29,31,32,40,41
100 -150 4 16,30,38,39 243
Above 150 29 10,17,22,23,27,33,34,35,36,37,42,43, 335
44,45,46,47,48,49,50
Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001
3. SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS
The social characteristics have been studied under the following
categories:
1. Sex Composition 2. Literacy Rate 3. Caste Structure 4. Religious Structure 5. Ward wise Literacy Distribution 6. Ward wise Caste Structure
3.1 SEX COMPOSITION
The number of males and females is increasing with passing decade.
In 1961 the males constitute 54.24% and females constitute 45.76%,
it was having sex ratio of 844. In 2011 the percentage of males
decline to 51.95% and percentage of females rose to 48.05 %, it lead
to increase in sex ratio to 925[3] It is shown by table 10 and fig. 4.
Table 10: Composition of Population, 1961-2011
Year No. of Males Percentage of Males No. of Females Percentage of
Females
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1961 60284 54.24 50855 45.76
1971 87441 54.22 73837 45.78
1981 125447 53.94 107141 46.06
1991 164516 53.32 144055 46.68
2001 205335 52.73 184103 47.27
2011 234681 51.95 217054 48.05 Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001
MAL
ES, 1
961,
54.
24FE
MAL
ES,1
961,
45.7
6
MAL
ES, 1
971,
54.
22FE
MAL
ES,1
971,
45.7
8
MAL
ES, 1
981,
53.
94FE
MAL
ES,1
981,
46.0
6
53
.32
52
.7
3
MAL
ES, 2
011,
51.
95FE
MAL
ES,2
011,
48.0
5
PER
CEN
TAG
E
MAL
ES, 1
991,
FEM
ALES
,199
1,46
.68
MAL
ES, 2
001,
FEM
ALES
,200
1,47
.27
MALES
FEMALES
YEARS
Fig. 8.4: Composition of Population, 1961-2011
Migration There are different reasons of migration such as employment, marriage,
moved after birth etc. In 2001 the number of Migrants in Udaipur district were 79083
which comprise 14% of the total population of the district.
Literacy The number of literates in city is increasing with passing decades. In 1961 the
literacy rate among males was 34.53 and among females was 16.36. From the table 11
and fig. 8.5 it is clear that literacy rate among females is increasing at rapid rate as
compared to males. In 2011 the literacy rate among males was 44.29% which shows
increase of 9.76% from 2001 and literacy rate among females was 36.87%, which shows
increase of 20.51%.
Table 11: No. of Literates & Literacy Rate, 1961-2011
Year No. of Literates (In Lakhs) Literacy Rate
Males Females Males Females
1961 0.38 0.18 34.53 16.36
1971 0.56 0.31 34.71 19.04
1981 0.91 0.54 39.01 23.40
1991 1.22 0.82 39.54 26.70
2001 1.68 1.29 43.07 33.16
2011 2.00 1.67 44.29 36.87
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Fig. 5: Literacy Rate, 1961-2011
3.2 CASTE STRUCTURE
In 1961 percentage of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was 7.53 and 2.78
respectively. In 1971 their percentage decreases and in 1981 and 1991 it increases and from
2001 it again started decreasing. In 2011 (estimated figure) percentage of Scheduled castes
and Scheduled tribes was 8.44 and 3.69. It is shown by table 12 and fig. 6.
Table 12: Caste Structure, 1961-2011
Years % of Scheduled Castes % of Scheduled Tribes
1961 7.53 2.78
1971 6.55 1.95
1981 8.9 4.20
1991 9.76 4.77
2001 9.47 4.76
2011 8.44 3.69 Source: Computed Values, Census of India 1961,1971,1981,1991,2001
Fig.6: Caste Structure, 1961-2011
3.3 RELIGIOUS STRUCTURE
It helps in taking decision regarding the area required for religious ceremonies and burial
grounds. The religious composition is shown by table 13 and fig.7. The Hindu religion is
most prominent having higher percentage share. As per 2001 census Hindus comprised
73.09 % of total population. The other religion which is of significance is Muslim
religion having percentage share of 14.9%. As per estimated figure of 2011, the
percentage of Hindus decreased and Muslims increased.
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Table 14: Religious Structure, 1961-2001
Year Hindu Sikh Muslim Jain Other
1961 69.34 1.06 18.36 10.83 -
1971 71.85 0.47 17.13 9.9 0.18
1981 69.49 0.6 15.51 8.27 0.08
1991 75.16 0.78 15.47 7.99 0.02
2001 73.09 0.85 14.90 10.48 0.01
2011 71.00 0.75 16.26 11.47 - Source: Computed values, Census of India 1961, 1971, 1991, 2001
3.4 WARD WISE LITERACY DISTRIBUTION
From the table 15 it is clear that there are 8 wards having literacy rate below 70%. These
wards are located at outskirts of the city except ward no. 24, 26 and 39. The wards having
literacy rate between 70-80% are 22 and they comprise area of 3046 hectares. There are
20 wards having literacy rate above 80% and they comprise area of 1365 hectares which
is much smaller than the area comprised by 22 wards having literacy between 70-80%.
The wards which are located in south of the city are recently developed due to which
literacy rate is lower. Inspite of having educational institutes all over the city, the literacy
rate is higher in ward no. 44 which is situated in walled city.
Table 15: Ward wise Literacy Distribution, 2001
Literacy (%) Wards Frequency Area
Below 70 1,4,6,8,12,24,26,39 8 2256
2,3,5,7,9,13,14,15,16,17,19,21,29,31,33,34,42 22 3046 70-80 46,47,48,49,50
10,11,18,20,22,23,25,27,28,30,32,35,36,37,38, 20 1365 Above 80 40,41,43,44,45
Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001
3.5 WARD WISE CASTE STRUCTURE
Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes comprise 14.23% of total population of the city.
There are 19 wards which are having percentage share of Scheduled castes and
Scheduled tribes population below 10%. It includes wards which are located in walled
city and some other wards. The wards which are having scheduled castes and scheduled
tribes population Above 20% are 12 and these are located in periphery of the city except
ward no. 13, 26, 39 and 49. These wards are having large areal coverage of 3195
hectares. It shows that wards which are having large area are having higher percentage of
scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The highest percentage in periphery of the city is
due to planned development in the form of housing schemes. It is shown by table 16
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Table 16: Ward Wise Distribution of Scheduled Castes & Scheduled Tribes Population, 2001
Population Frequency Wards Area
Range (%) (Hectares)
Below 10 19 5,9,11,18,20,22,25,27,30,34,35,37,42,43,4 1439
4,45,46,50
10–20 18 7,10,15,16,17,19,24,28,29,31,32,33,38,40, 2033 41,47,48
20–30 13 1,2,3,4,6,8,13,14,26,39,49 3195 Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001
3.6 ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
In respect of economic characteristics, the occupational structure and dependency ratio is studied.
Occupational Structure The occupational structure of the city is shown by table 17. It shows the
number of male and female workers engaged in different sectors of economy. It shows that among the
three sectors the maximum number of workers are engaged in secondary and tertiary sector. The
number of workers under primary and secondary sectors shows great fluctuations. The number of
workers under tertiary sector are increasing every decade except for the year 1991. The females
participation is very small. The high variation in composition leads to decrease in the standard of
living and effect the economy of the city. According to the Master Plan, the occupational structure by
2022 will be 4% in agriculture, 30% in other services, 27% in trade and commerce and 22% in
industries. Rest of the people will be employed as 6% in construction and 11% in communication and
transport.
Table 17: Composition of Main Workers, 1961 -2001
Main Workers Sex 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001
Cultivators Male 596 1142 1352 1162 426
Female 353 164 203 436 125
Agricultural Labourers Male 116 697 371 852 262
Female 45 191 189 424 101
Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Male 162 120 - 1395 -
Hunting & Plantation, Orchards Female - 22 - 63 - & Allied Activities
Mining & Quarrying Male - 360 - 2053 -
Female - 5 - 48 -
Manufacturing, Processing, Male 975 1282 1288 895 4820
Servicing & Repairs Female 839 159 283 348 1216 (a) Household Industry
(b) Other Than Household Male 3693 6796 - 16791 -
Industry Female 199 228 - 1021 -
Construction Male 3176 1314 - 4280 -
Female 664 242 - 394 -
Trade & Commerce Male 5408 8608 - 21156 -
Female 735 295 - 1026 -
Transport, Storage & Male 3411 4386 - 9360 -
Communications Female 28 54 - 226 -
Other Services Male 11723 15485 56250 22543 93334
Female 2396 2360 5424 7181 14696
Source: Census of India, 1961, 1971,1981,1991,2001
The number of Marginal and Non workers are shown by table 18. It shows that the number of
marginal and non-workers is increasing with passing decades and the number is more in case of
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females, except for 2001 in case of Marginal worker there were 5372 male workers and 3208 female
workers.
Table 18: Number of Marginal and Non- Workers, 1961-2001
Years Marginal Workers Non Workers
Males Females Males Females
1961 - - 30793 45434
1971 - - 47251 70117
1981 309 713 65877 100329
1991 456 1871 83573 131017
2001 5372 3208 101121 164747
Source: Census of India, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001
Dependency Ratio The dependency ratio of city is fluctuating. It was highest in 2001 and lowest in
1971. To decrease the dependency ratio more economic activities should be promoted in the near
future. It is shown by table 19 and fig. 7
Table 19: Dependency Ratio of Udaipur City, 1961-2011
Years Dependency Ratio
1971 37.41
1981 39.94
1991 43.80
2001 46.47
2011 46.42 Source: Computed Values, Census of India 1961, 1971, 1981,1991,2001,2011
Fig. 7: Dependency Ratio of Udaipur City, 1961-2011
3.7 WARD WISE DEPENDENCY RATIO
The dependency ratio in city is 46.4%. Ward wise dependency ratio is shown by table 20 There are 26
wards which are having dependency ratio below 30% and it represents walled city with some other
wards. Inspite of having large number of wards it comprise area of 1418 hectares. There are 8 wards
which are having dependency ratio above 45% and these wards are located in periphery of the city
except ward no. 11, 26, 27 and 28. The dependency ratio in walled city is lower because the growth of
the city started from here and people are engaged in various commercial activities. The dependency
ratio is higher in ward no. 1, 4, 8 and 26 due to lower literacy rate. The wards which are having
population above 11000 shows higher dependency rate.
Table 20: Ward Wise Dependency Ratio, 2001
Dependency Frequency Wards Area
Ratio (%) (Hectares)
Below 30 26 5,9,10,13,17,20,21,22,30,32,33,3435,36,37,38 1418
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,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50
30-45 16 2,3,6,12,14,15,16,18,19,23,24,25,29,31,39,40 3169
Above 45 8 1,4,7,8,11,26,27,28 2080
Source: Computed Values, Census of India, 2001
3.7 CONCLUSION
Udaipur is medium sized town according to UDPFI guidelines. All planned and unplanned
development comes along the public/semi-public areas and along the major roads. Landuse of the city
is not according to the UDPFI guidelines as residential area is higher than guidelines and parks and
open spaces are very less than guidelines. In Udaipur planned development is less than 10% city grows
in an unplanned manner. As the people come here for employment so due to migration of peoples, it
will affect the existing infrastructure. So there is need to work on infrastructure and on parks and open
spaces. Lack of awareness of rules and regulations. The population of the city is increasing at steady
rate. The growth rate of city indicates that population is growing at decreasing rate. It is city of low
density corridor having density of 67 persons/hectare in 2011. The highest density is in walled city
which leads to congestion and more pressure on infrastructural facilities. With the increase in
population sex ratio, literacy rate and workers engaged in different economic activities also increasing.
The large part of the population is engaged in tertiary activities. The city shows high dependency ratio,
which reflects there is need of providing more economic activities.
Bibliography
[1] (2011). Census of India . Rajasthan: DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS OPERATIONS. [2] Corporation, M. (2015-16). Swachh City. Udaipur. [3] Employment, M. o. (1996). UDPFI GUIDELINES. New Delhi.
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