© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Which country took the lead in exploration in the fifteenth century?...

© 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

Which country took the lead in exploration in the fifteenth century?

• Portugal• Spain• England• France

10.01 Q

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Which country took the lead in exploration in the fifteenth century?

• Portugal• Spain• England• France

10.01 A

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EXPLANATION: Which country took the lead in exploration in the fifteenth century?

• Portugal

In 1415, Prince Henry “the Navigator,” brother of the king of Portugal, captured a North African Muslim city thus beginning Portuguese exploration of the African coast.

10.01 E

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Renaissance society first took on its distinctive shape in the:

• merchant cities of Italy• city-states of southern France• papal states• principalities of northern Germany

10.02 Q

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Renaissance society first took on its distinctive shape in the:

• merchant cities of Italy• city-states of southern France• papal states• principalities of northern Germany

10.02 A

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EXPLANATION: Renaissance society first took on its distinctive shape in the:

• merchant cities of Italy

Constant warfare between pro-papal and pro-imperial factions allowed cities to escape dominance by kings and popes, take charge of the regions in which they were located, and become self-governing city-states.

10.02 E

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During much of the fifteenth century, the Medici family dominated:

• Naples• Milan• Venice• Florence

10.03 Q

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During much of the fifteenth century, the Medici family dominated:

• Naples• Milan• Venice• Florence

10.03 A

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EXPLANATION: During much of the fifteenth century, the Medici family dominated:

• Florence

Cosimo de’ Medici and his son, Lorenzo the Magnificent, dominated Florentine affairs from 1434 to 1492.

10.03 E

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Who was the “father” of humanism?

• Giotto• Boccaccio• Dante• Petrarch

10.04 Q

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Who was the “father” of humanism?

• Giotto• Boccaccio• Dante• Petrarch

10.04 A

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EXPLANATION: Who was the “father” of humanism?

• Petrarch

Francesco Petrarch modeled his writing on the works of the giants of Roman literature. He is known as “the father of humanism.”

10.04 E

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Pico della Mirandola was heavily influenced by:

• Cicero• Aristotle• Plato• Livy

10.05 Q

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Pico della Mirandola was heavily influenced by:

• Cicero• Aristotle• Plato• Livy

10.05 A

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EXPLANATION: Pico della Mirandola was heavily influenced by:

• Plato

Cosimo de’ Medici founded the Platonic Academy which was later headed by Pico della Mirandola.

10.05 E

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One of Raphael’s most important masterpieces is:

• The Virgin of the Rocks• The Pieta• The School of Athens• The Death of Saint Michael

10.06 Q

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One of Raphael’s most important masterpieces is:

• The Virgin of the Rocks• The Pieta• The School of Athens• The Death of Saint Michael

10.06 A

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EXPLANATION: One of Raphael’s most important masterpieces is:

• The School of Athens

Art historians consider Raphael’s fresco, The School of Athens, a group portrait of the great Western philosophers, a perfect example of Renaissance technique.

10.06 E

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Slaves were imported into Italy from:

• Africa• The Balkans• Constantinople• All of the above

10.07 Q

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Slaves were imported into Italy from:

• Africa• The Balkans• Constantinople• All of the above

10.07 A

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EXPLANATION: Slaves were imported into Italy from:

• All of the above

Slavery was not based on any concept of race and peoples from Africa, the Balkans, Constantinople, Cyprus, Crete, and the lands surrounding the Black Sea were enslaved.

10.07 E

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The balance of power was maintained in Italy in the second half of the fifteenth century by the:

• Treaty of Lodi• Treaty of Paris• Treaty of Lucca• Treaty of Rome

10.08 Q

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The balance of power was maintained in Italy in the second half of the fifteenth century by the:

• Treaty of Lodi• Treaty of Paris• Treaty of Lucca• Treaty of Rome

10.08 A

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EXPLANATION: The balance of power was maintained in Italy in the second half of the fifteenth century by the:

• Treaty of Lodi

The Treaty of Lodi (1454-1455) allied traditional enemies Milan and Naples with Florence against Venice and the Papal States and created a balance of power that helped stabilize Italy internally.

10.08 E

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European monarchies began to create standing armies in the:

• fourteenth century• fifteenth century• thirteenth century• sixteenth century

10.09 Q

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European monarchies began to create standing armies in the:

• fourteenth century• fifteenth century• thirteenth century• sixteenth century

10.09 A

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EXPLANATION: European monarchies began to create standing armies in the:

• fifteenth century

By the fifteenth century, European monarchs had begun to create standing armies that ended the feudal nobility’s traditional military monopoly.

10.09 E

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Machiavelli hoped a strong ruler would emerge from the:

• Sforza• Borgia• Medici• Guicciardini

10.10 Q

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Machiavelli hoped a strong ruler would emerge from the:

• Sforza• Borgia• Medici• Guicciardini

10.10 A

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EXPLANATION: Machiavelli hoped a strong ruler would emerge from the:

• Medici

Machiavelli believed that if Italians ceased their feuding and working together, they could defend their country from invaders. He hoped the Medici family might produce the leader Italy needed.

10.10 E

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Henry VII of England founded the:

• Tudor dynasty• Stuart dynasty• House of York• Plantagenet dynasty

10.11 Q

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Henry VII of England founded the:

• Tudor dynasty• Stuart dynasty• House of York• Plantagenet dynasty

10.11 A

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EXPLANATION: Henry VII of England founded the:

• Tudor dynasty

Henry VII overthrew Richard III and then married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward VI, whose bloodline provided added legitimacy for the Tudor dynasty.

10.11 E

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Erasmus wanted to:

• lead a revolt against the Catholic church• return Europe to the days of the Roman Empire• elevate the Classics above all other literature• unite Classical and Christian ideals

10.12 Q

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Erasmus wanted to:

• lead a revolt against the Catholic church• return Europe to the days of the Roman Empire• elevate the Classics above all other literature• unite Classical and Christian ideals

10.12 A

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EXPLANATION: Erasmus wanted to:

• unite Classical and Christian ideals

Erasmus advocated a life that combined the classical ideals of humanity and civic virtue with the Christian virtues of love and piety.

10.12 E

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The first European to round the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa was:

• da Gama• Dias• Vespucci• Magellan

10.13 Q

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The first European to round the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa was:

• da Gama• Dias• Vespucci• Magellan

10.13 A

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EXPLANATION: The first European to round the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa was:

• Dias

Bartholomew Dias pioneered the eastern Portuguese Empire in 1487 after safely rounding the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa.

10.13 E

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The writings of Las Casas contributed to the emergence of:

• a new kind of fanatical conquistador• an organized opposition to European expansion• the Black Legend• None of the above

10.14 Q

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The writings of Las Casas contributed to the emergence of:

• a new kind of fanatical conquistador• an organized opposition to European expansion• the Black Legend• None of the above

10.14 A

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EXPLANATION: The writings of Las Casas contributed to the emergence of:

3. the Black Legend

Bartolomé de Las Casa wrote an exposé of Spanish missionaries that prompted the Spanish government to issue some reforming regulations. Las Casas’s work also became the source of the “Black Legend,” a tradition that has exaggerated Spanish cruelty and soft-pedaled such things as Aztec human sacrifice.

10.14 E

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The encomienda was:

• a large estate in the New World• a charter granting the right to found a colony• the forced transfer of criminals from Spain to the

New World• a grant of the right to the labor of a specific

number of Indians

10.15 Q

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The encomienda was:

• a large estate in the New World• a charter granting the right to found a colony• the forced transfer of criminals from Spain to the

New World• a grant of the right to the labor of a specific

number of Indians

10.15 A

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EXPLANATION: The encomienda was:

• a grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Indians

The Spaniards developed strategies for exploiting the labor of the native Indians including encomienda—a legal grant of the right to the labor of a specific number of Indians for a particular period of time.

10.15 E