View
213
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
The War for Peace: A fitting end to the “War to end all
Wars Paulson
U.S. HistoryWednesday, Jan 19, 2011
Spark # 10
1. Who was Alvin York? (p. 720) 2. What is an armistice and when did it
take effect? (p. 721-22) 3. Look at Wilson’s quote on top of p.
723 – summarize in your own words – what is Wilson’s (U.S.) goal?
Agenda
Spark # ? Business Items
› Extra credit out there – Zimm. and Prop.› Overview / Review sheets – start studying
Finish Film Notes for Shell Shock – pt. 3 – 4:40 – finish (or at end)
The War over Peace – Wilson’s 14 points
War Over Peace
Outline-Wilsonian Idealism
-Peace without victory-Fourteen Points address
-Treaty of Versailles-League of Nations-U.S. Response
Finally the guns fall silent
Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria sign separate peace treaties
Austria-Hungary splinters as ethnicities gain independence
Finally, after mutinies and strikes, ARMISTICE is signed in French railroad car (=cease fire)
November 11, 1918 at 11 am (11th day, eleventh month, eleventh hour –Veterans Day)
Wilsonian Idealism
Make the world safe for “peace-loving” nations
Wilson not interested in “spoils” of war› No land, or money, from losers
Interested in: community of organized, common peace › not organized rivalries and power struggles
Wilsons 14 Points: Jan. 1918
A few examples 1.) open covenants of peace 2.) freedom of the seas 3.) removal of trade barriers 4.) reduction of armaments 5.) impartial adjustment of
claims 6.) national self-
determination 14.) League of Nations
Look at what he’s addressing!!!
1.-Alliances
2. U-boats
3. Imperialism
4. Militarism
5. Talk-not
fight
6. Colonization
14. World Wars
Paris Peace Conference Wilson: conquering hero Big 4
› Britain: David Lloyd George› Italy: Vittorio Orlando› France: Georges Clemenceau› U.S.: Wilson
Others wanted to make C.P. (Germany) pay› Money, land, livestock› Divide up Germany’s colonies
Wilson & League of Nations
Nations join to: ensure peace, and security for all
Article 10: attack on one = attack on all
No military power---dependent upon members
Outcome of Paris Peace Treaty
Wilson’s power limited, has to compromise
Self-determination: no outside interference
Re - drawing the map – show map Blaming Germany
› France wanted to cripple Germany› 33 bil in reparations› Germany never forgot, or forgave this
humiliation
U.S. response “Irreconcilables:” Congressmen opposed treaty “reservationists:” accepted LON but wanted
restrictions on U.S. participation Wilson goes on tour: 36 speeches in 23 days
› Pueblo, CO has stroke Congress: 3 different votes, never ratifies
treaty Postwar gloom – isolationism despite
“Superpower status”› Vets no jobs› Production slows so no jobs› Women out of job, African Americans too› Disillusionment at so much death and destruction
“What was accomplished by this waste of youth…?”
Effects of the “Great War”
Immediate effects› A generation of European men killed or
wounded› Dynasties fall in Germany, Austria-
Hungary, and Russia› New countries created› The League of Nations is established to
help promote peace
Effects of the “Great War” Long Term Effects:
› Many nations feel bitter and betrayed by the peace settlements
› Problems that helped cause the war --- nationalism, competition---remain
› Germany: at fault for starting war, tremendous debt and humiliation
› Modern warfare changed forever
Recommended