Compilation of lecture, structure 1

StructureN a n g k u l a U t a b e r t a

Content:1. Some Principles in Structure

2. Basic Structure3. Advanced Structure4. Structure and Materials

1. Some Principles in Structure

Structure Definition:Structure is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition,

observation, nature and permanence of patterns and relationship of entities. From a child's verbal description of a snowflake, to the detailed scientific analysis  of the properties of magnetic fields. the concept of structure is now often an essential foundation of nearly every mode of inquiry and discovery in science, philosophy and art. The description of structure implicitly offers an account of what a system is made of: a configuration of items, a collection of inter-related components or services.

 A structure may be a hierarchy (a cascade of one-to-many relationships), a network

featuring many-to-many links, or a lattice featuring connections between components that are neighbours in space.

In Architecture & Building Study:Structure is understood as a part of the object (building, bridge, tree etc) which is

responsible for maintaining the shape of the object under the influence of the environment or anything in contact with structure (vehicle, furniture, human, etc).

Major Structural Forms:There are 2 major structural forms which are a. Natureb. Man-Made

1. Nature

2. Man-Made

Natural and Built Environment• Nature has provide valuable insight to designers into

structure and design• Load carrying mechanisms• Internal Structure responses to external load Condition

or forces• Without suitable structural respond to external forces we

cannot survive

What is structure ?

Objective of Structural Design:1.Efficiency2.Economy3.Elegance4.But all must consider the environment impact as

well

Tree as a Structural Analogy1. Trunk is both thick and strong to

carry vertical loads from Branches2. Able to withstand lateral loads3. Branches stiff enough to extend

laterally and support system-cantilever

4. Root structure spreads-below ground to distribute total weight of tree and to create substantial anchor against overturning due to wind

RainGravitySnow

WindCantilever

Foundation

Structural System:1.Solid Structure2.Surface Structure3.Frame Structure

Loads

2. Basic Structure

1. Columns and Wall

2. Beams and Slabs

3. Advanced Structure

1. Trusses

2. Space Frame

3. Geodesic Domes

4. Cable Stays

5. Catenary Cables

6. Arches

7. Vault

8. Shell

9. Folding Plate

10 Tensile

11.Pneumatics

4. Structure and Materials

1. Mud Construction

Gate

Dome

2. Traditional Wood

3. Modern Wood

Bridge and Dome

4. Traditional brick

5. Masonry

6. Reinforced Concrete

7. Iron & Steel

8. Space Frame

9. Cable

10. Surface Structure

11. Pneumatic

Thank You!