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Intro to Responsive Web Design
Alexa IT Solution
What is Responsive Web Design?
“Responsive Web design is the approach that suggests that design and development should respond to the user’s behavior and environment based on screen size, platform and orientation. The practice consists of a mix of f lexible grids and layouts, images and an intelligent use of CSS media queries. As the user switches from their laptop to iPad, the website should automatically switch to accommodate for resolution, image size and scripting abilities. In other words, the website should have the technology to automatically respond to the user’s preferences. This would eliminate the need for a different design and development phase for each new gadget on the market.”
Content Adaptation Techniques
Server-Side Adaptation - standard for providing the best user experience; early 2000s
Progressive Enhancement - provide a baseline user experience and build upon it based on the browser’s capabilities; 2005-2007
Responsive Design - extension of Progressive Enhancement utilizing CSS3, media queries, fluid content; 2011
Adaptive Design - hybrid approach of server-side and client-side logic to provide the best user experience; 2013
Benefits of Responsive Design
● Single Code Base (Maintainability)vs. different code bases for desktop / tablet / mobile
● Covers all screen sizesvs. building specific tiers for “typical” device sizes
● Readability and Usabilityvs. resizing / scrolling / panning / zooming
● Search Engine Optimizationvs. different content served for desktop / tablet / mobile
Responsive Frameworks
● Twitter Bootstrap○ 12 column system, spanX widths
● Zurb Foundation○ zurb example
CSS Media Queries
Add the @media tag to your CSS class and specify the width of the screen in pixels where the following styles should take affect.
The above line will apply styles when the width of the screen is equal to or greater than 1024
Moving vs. Hiding
Moving:Grid Layout Alterations
Hiding:The Semantic, Responsive Navicon
Mobile First
● Old - Graceful Degradation ○ A full, standard website would scale back and gradually remove
content and features as the viewport became smaller and the system would become simpler
● New - Progressive Enhancement○ Provide the users with minimal screen real estate and processing
power an amazing experience that both looks great and functions perfectly. As the need arises, the site can gradually be “enhanced” and even completely rethought for larger platforms with fewer constraints.
Thinking Mobile
● Performance○ Strip down third-party scripts : Facebook, Google, Twitter○ Frameworks vs. Reduced/Simple Style Sheets
● RequireJS○ only download it when you need it
● UglifyJS
● Touch vs. Hover (example)
Loading Images & FontsProblems:Performance - why serve high resolution images to your mobile users?“Art Direction” - some images don’t scale so well
Solutions??- CSS3 & web fonts- SVG & icon fonts- Picturefill - lightweight JS framework- HiSRC - jquery plugin- Foresight.js - JS framework- Adaptive Images - server-side framework- Sencha.io - image proxy service (aka TinySrc)- ReSRC.it - similar to Sencha.io
Great Design Paradigms
1. Mostly Fluid
1. Column Drop
1. Left Nav Flyout & Toggle Nav
1. Form
1. Grid
Examples of great RWD
● The Boston Globe
● Polygon
● Indochino
Responsive Best Practices
1. Breakpoints based on content and site layout & design, not device.
2. Based on site design, but between 3 and 12 breakpoints typically. Giving versatility to the layout style.
3. Adaptive loading for images that are better suited to fit the screen size. (smaller images for a smaller screen-size)
4. Think ‘mobile first’ and care about performance
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