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Ongoing Research in Data Studies
Data Day 3.0Tuesday, 29 March 2016, 9:30 to 10:45, Carleton University
Dr Tracey P. Lauriault, School of Journalism and Communication, Carleton University & Programmable City Project, Maynooth University
Data Studies Vision Unpack the complex assemblages that produce, circulate,
share/sell and utilise data in diverse ways Chart the diverse work they do and their consequences for
how the world is known, governed and lived-in Survey the wider landscape of data assemblages and how
they interact to form intersecting data products, services and markets and shape policy and regulation
Rob Kitchin and Tracey P. Lauriault, Forthcoming, Toward a Critical Data Studies: Charting and Unpacking Data Assemblages and their Work, in J. Eckert,, A. Shears & J. Thatcher, Geoweb and Big Data, University of Nebraska Press , Pre-Print
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2474112
How is the city translated into software and data?
Programmable City Project
Translation:City into Code/Data
Transduction:Code/Data Reshape
City
THE CITYSOFTWARE/DATA
Discourses, Practices, Knowledge, Models
Mediation, Augmentation, Facilitation, RegulationHow do software and data reshape the city?Rob Kitchin, 2013
Socio-technological data assemblage
Material Platform(infrastructure – hardware)
Code Platform(operating system)
Code/algorithms (software)
Data(base)
Interface
Reception/Operation (user/usage)
Systems of thought Forms of knowledge
Finance Political economies
Governmentalities & legalities Organisations and institutions Subjectivities and communities
Marketplace
System/process performs a task
Contextframes the system/task
Digital socio-technical assemblage
HCI, remediation studiesCritical code studies
Software studies
Critical data studies
New media studiesgame studies
Critical Social ScienceScience Technology
Studies
Platform studies Places
Practices
Flowline/Lifecycle
Surveillance studies
Rob Kitchin, 2013
Knowledge Production
Tracey P. Lauriault, 2012, Data, Infrastructures and Geographical Imaginations. Ph.D. Thesis, Carleton University, Ottawa, http://curve.carleton.ca/theses/27431
Making up Spaces and
People – Modified
Ian Hacking Dynamic
Nominalism
Framework
3 Case Studies
1. Ontologizing the city2. The making of homeless people 3. Open data
1. Ontologizing the City
Ontologizing the City - From Old School National Cartographic Based Classification toward a Rules
Based Real-World Object Oriented National Database
Object of Study Data assemblage of OSi PRIME2 Examine how ‘real’ things are
understood in the new object oriented data model
Assess if these change how space is modelled and then acted upon
Time frame Jan. 2015-2018
Data Management and Ethics ERC Maynooth University SSHRC Tri-Council
Case Study Outputs Case study report Data assemblage Tracing the production of space Genealogy from class to object Academic publications
Funding Programmable City Project
P.I. Prof. Rob Kitchin NIRSA, Maynooth University
European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award
ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY
Data Collection
Attend OSi & 1Spatial Road shows and public speaking eventsOne day coordinated field trip & group interviews at OSi Sligo (survey data capture unit)Examine the Prime & Prime2 flow linesReal-time survey and data update of a building
1.5 months as an embedded researcher, OSi in Phoenix Park One-on-one interviews with key actors (Transcribed audio
recordings): Group interview Document Collection Collection of objects across time for Dublin
Prime 2 Models and Concepts
Skin of the earth ‘real world’ object modelling
5 skin of the earth objects Ways Water Vegetation Artificial Exposed
Z-Layer Superimposed Objects Segmentation &
Connectivity GDF1 GDF2
centrelines Sites & Locals Boundaries
Links objects using persistent ID’s
Form & Function object classification
3D data storage (CityGML LOD2)
Grouped
Seamless, topologically consistent blanket of polygons covers the entire surface of Ireland w/no holes or gaps
Cassini, 6”, 1st ed. Circa?
Heuston station across time
Cassini 6”, 1943-44
Cassini 25”, 1st ed, Circa?
Cassini25”, 1936 Heuston Station, Prime2 MapGenie
Heuston Station, Prime2 SOE
Evolution
Institutionally Colonial surveyor Military Mapping
Organization Civil Service
National Mapping Organization (NMO)
State Body NMO Will become a
NMO w/in Tailte Éireann
Technologically Data collection Techniques Scale Geometry Skill Technologies Dissemination
Scope Colonial mapping National mapping Post Colonial
mapping OSi/OSNI/OSGB EU / Inspire / NSDI Global
Etymology
Relationality
Genealogy of a model
Genealogy of a data model
Models are also actors Models shape
how the world is viewed the world of work tools & techniques the structure of an organization how organizations interconnect with others
Models augment space Models are socially constructed
by people
2. Making of Homeless People
http://www.homelessdublin.ie/
pass
http://www.dublincit
y.ie/official-street-count-
figures-rough-sleeping-
winter-2014-across-dublin-
region
http://www.cso.ie/en/census/
census2011reports/
homelesspersonsinirelandaspecialcensus2011r
eport/
The making of homeless people
Homeless case study scopeObject of Study:
A. Dublin Ireland: Pathway Accommodation and Support
System (PASS) Dublin Street Count Central Statistics Office (CSO)
national census enumeration of the homeless.
B. Boston, MA, USA: Homelessness Data Exchange (HDX)
Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Housing Inventory Count (HIC)
Boston Health Commission Annual Street/Point-in-Time (PIT) Count of Homelessness
US Census Bureau National Survey of Homeless Assistance Providers and Clients (NSHAPC)
C. Ottawa, ON, Canada: National Homelessness Information
System (HIFIS) Ottawa Street Count Statistics Canada national census
enumeration of the homeless. Federation of Canadian Municipalities
(FCM) Municipal Data Collection Tool (MDCT) indicators on Homelessness
Funding Programmable City Project
P.I. Prof. Rob Kitchin NIRSA, Maynooth University
European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award
ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY
Homeless case study outputs
A. 3 site specific city case studies for comparative analysis 3 CS reports with accompanying data, information and literature including:
3 national homeless shelter intake software systems 3 city specific point in time street counts 3 national statistical agency censuses which enumerated people who are homeless Interview recordings and transcripts from key informants Repository of related grey literature
B. Data Assemblages Data assemblage for each intake data system, street count and homeless census Comparative analysis of these data assemblages
C. Construction of homeless people and homelessness Application of the modified Ian Hacking framework to the making up of homeless people and spaces 3 homelessness data classification genealogies Comparative analysis of genealogies
D. Academic Papers
3. Open data
Open data case study
Object of StudyA. Dublin, Republic of Ireland (NI)B. Ottawa, ON & Montreal, QC, Canada National, County Level Public Sector Data Portals Academic Portals Public, Academic and Private Sector Partnership
Portals/Initiatives Open access to data initiatives The private sector data dissemination on behalf & w/ the
public sector. Research projects Civil Society Initiatives Initiatives that have shaped debates on openness &
transparency Indicators & evaluation Consultants/developers Other actors Tools & Instruments
Case Study Outputs: A. 2 site specific city case studiesB. Data Assemblages & Landscape C. Open Data discourse AnalysisD. Academic Papers
Funding Programmable City Project
P.I. Prof. Rob Kitchin NIRSA, Maynooth University
European Research Council Advanced Investigator Award
ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY
Open Licences
Open Source/Formats/Specs
Open Infrastructure
Open Data Definitions (sample)
1959 Antarctic Treaty 1992 - UNCED – Agenda 21 Chapter 40, Information
for Decision Making 1996 Global Map 2002 – UNCED – Ageday 21 + 10 Down To Earth 2005 - Open Knowledge Foundation (OKNF) - 11
Principles (Licence specific) 2007 GEOSS - Data Sharing Principles for the Global
Earth Observing System of Systems 2007 - US Open Government Working Group - 8
principles of Open Government Data 2007 Science Commons Protocol for Implementing
Open Access Data 2007 Sunlight Foundation - 10 Principles for Opening
Up Government Informatio 2007 OECD, Principles and Guidelines for Access to
Research Data from Public Funding
2008 OECD, Recommendations on Public Sector Information
2009 W3C - Publishing Open Government Data
2010 Tim Berners-Lee 5 Star of Open Data 2010 Panton Principles for Open Data in
Science 2010 Ontario Information Privacy
Commissioner - 7 Principles 2013 Open Economics Principles US Association of Computing Machinery
(USACM) – Recommendations on Open Government
American Library Association (ALA) – Access to Government Information Principles
Data cultures
Research Data
GovData
GeoDataPhysical Sciences
Public Sector Data
Access to Data Open Data
Social Sciences
2005
VGICrowdsource
Citizen Science
Scientists, Cultural Institutions E-Government, CTOs
AdminData
Communication & Media Studies
Core courses COMM 5225 (0.5) Critical Data Studies DATA 5000: Introduction to Data
ScienceElectives COMM 5203 (0.5) Communication,
Technology & Society COMM 5224 (0.5) Internet
Infrastructure & Materialities COMM 5221 (0.5) Science & the
Making of Knowledge
Acknowledgements
The research for these studies is funded by a European Research Council Advanced
Investigator award ERC-2012-AdG-323636-SOFTCITY.
I would like to express my gratitude to Ordnance Survey Ireland (OSi), Dublin City Council and the Open Data Community in
Ireland for generously sharing their knowledge and time.
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