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An overview of competencies required for an effective organizational analytics function (and how that can inform strategies for personal professional development). Also a brief discussion of how analytics can learn from past failures in the IT space (and the resulting opportunities for those working in the analytics space).
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Organiza(onal analy(cs: Finding your place in the analy(cs space world
Jeff Crawford, PhD, PMP Director of Graduate Programs & Associate Professor
School of Compu(ng and Informa(cs Lipscomb University
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMp://technology.lipscomb.edu/
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Presented at Data Science Nashville June 2, 2014
About me
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
• Director of graduate programs in Lipscomb’s School of Compu(ng and Informa(cs – Associate Professor of IT Management and Informa(cs
• Before academics, managed an intranet development group in a financial services organiza(on
• And most importantly…
Crawford living out his rock and roll fantasies…
A Shameless Plug…
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Lipscomb’s School of Compu(ng and Informa(cs offers the following graduate programs: – MS in Informa(on Security – MS in IT Management – MS in Informa(cs & Analy(cs – MS in SoUware Engineering
Programs are designed with working professionals in mind. Earn a MS degree in as liEle as 12 months. GRE is waived for those with 5 or more years work experience in their area of study. Now taking applicaKons for August, 2014.
Visit hMp://technology.lipscomb.edu/ to learn more and apply
What is analy(cs, exactly?
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
A reasonable view of analy(cs • What? – using data to understand the past and/or address the present and/or predict the future
– Analysis suppor(ng data-‐driven decision-‐making
• Why? – data -‐> informa(on -‐> decision-‐making -‐> effec(ve decision-‐making
– compe((ve necessity – it’s in the trade press…
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
What is analy(cs, exactly?
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Gartner’s 2013 Hype Cycle -‐ hEp://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2575515
The Analytics Process
Figure 2.2: The Cross Industry Standard Process (CRISP) for data mining Provost, F., & FawceM, T. (2013). Data science for business: What you need to know about data mining and data-‐analy(c thinking. Sebastpol, CA: O'Reilly Media.
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
The Analytics Process (by time)
From p. 255 of Klimberg, R., & McCullough, B. D. (2013). Fundamentals of predic(ve analy(cs with JMP. Cary, NC: SAS Ins(tute.
Data Mining Phase % Time Spent* Project defini(on (5%) Data collec(on (20%) Data prepara(on (30%) Data understanding (20%) Model development and evalua(on (20%) Implementa(on (5%)
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
* Remember the saying, “95% of all staKsKcs are false”
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYTICS A holis(c view of
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Organiza(onal Analy(cs?
Prahalad, C. K., & Hamel, G. (1990). The Core Competence of the Corpora(on. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-‐91. Ulrich, D., & Smallwood, N. (2004). Capitalizing on Capabili(es. Harvard Business Review, 82(6), 119-‐127.
“the diversified corpora(on is a large tree…the root system that provides nourishment, sustenance, and stability is the core competence” (Prahalad & Hamel, 1990, p. 81)
“[capabili,es are] the collec(ve skills, abili(es and exper(se of an organiza(on” (Ulrich & Smallwood, 2004, p. 119) Facilita@ng Condi@ons
• Corporate culture • Execu(ve support • Trends and “hype” • Degree of compe((on • Law, policy, ethics • Others?
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
competencies aka
who you are
capabili,es aka
what you do
Analy(cs Competencies
Business knowledge
Analy(c knowledge
Informa(on Sharing
Tools / Applica(ons
Infrastructure
Project management
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Business Knowledge
• Analy(cs efforts flow from a context – Must know the ques(ons that need answering – Should know the ques(ons that don’t need answering
• Analy(cs efforts have an objec(ve – Should be aligned with business strategy – A SWOT perspec(ve
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Analy(cs Knowledge • Classical sta(s(cs – Contemporary applica(on
• Classical research methodology – Contemporary applica(on
• Mathema(cs • Informa(on structures • Blue sky thinking (CAVU) • Efficiency perspec(ve
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Informa(on Sharing • Knowledge processes (Tryon, 2012) – Discovery – Capture – Organiza(on – Use – Transfer – Reten(on
• Communica(on capabili(es – Data visualiza(on (Few, 2012) – Media richness (DaU & Lengel, 1986)
DaU, R.L. & Lengel, R.H. (1986). Organiza(onal informa(on requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Science 32(5), 554-‐571. Few, S. (2012). Show me the numbers: Designing tables and graphs to enlighten. (2nd ed. ed.). Burlingame, CA: Analy(cs Press. Tryon, C. A. (2012). Managing organiza(onal knowledge: 3rd genera(on knowledge management and beyond. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Tools / Applica(ons • Data mining / analysis – Custom – Java, Python, .NET, etc. – Off the shelf -‐ SAS, SPSS, R, Oracle, MicrosoU, etc.
• Data visualiza(on – Tableau, Crystal Reports, etc.
• Data extrac(on / prepara(on – Generalist tools
• Spreadsheet, personal database, etc. – Data interac(on standards
• SQL, JSON, XML, etc.
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Infrastructure • Contemporary informa(on structures require significant, some(mes novel investments in – SoUware & hardware • Compute • Storage • Communica(ons
– Human capital • Those producing analy(cs and those suppor(ng infrastructure ac(vi(es are likely not the same • Acquisi(on, reten(on and development
– Sourcing arrangements
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Project Management • Analy(cs work (typically) has – Defined objec(ves – Dura(on (deadlines) – Stakeholders that need “managing” – Financial implica(ons – Sourcing arrangements
• PM methodologies can help keep work on track – Can also cause a boMleneck…
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Analy(cs Competencies
Business knowledge
Analy(c knowledge
Informa(on Sharing
Tools / Applica(ons
Infrastructure
Project management
Where do you fit?
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Where is your organiza,on?
NOTE: The distance between areas is shrinking
Discussion
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
• Where is your par(cular area of opportunity? – Look at yourself, your organiza(on, the environment for clues • What can you do well? • What won’t you do well? • Where is your passion? • Where are the people? (note… you don’t want to be where everyone else is)
* The term “understanding” encompasses both knowing and do-‐ing.
(A simple) Competency / Skills Assessment Worksheet IdenKfying OpportuniKes for Personal Growth
LEARNING FROM THE PAST Another opportunity by
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
Common failures within IT 1. Assuming the value will be obvious 2. Pushing the ar(fact over the ra(onale (i)T 3. Crea(ng an IT silo 4. Making a poor process faster 5. Ignore / downplay the business problem 6. Fail to acknowledge the diffusion process Adapted from Marchand, D.A. and Peppard, J., 2013. Why IT Fumbles Analy(cs. Harvard Business Review. 91, 1, 104-‐112.
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
1. Ac(vely communicate value • Value is a percep(on defined by the individual – “Selling” is a key part of the process
• What you see as value, others might see as – Change
• Process change • Culture change • Power change
– Complexity & Chaos • The language of data • The order of logic
– A threat Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
2. De-‐emphasize the tools focus • Train for problem solving first – Systema(c thinking – Blue sky thinking – Collabora(ve thinking
• Unleash tools only aUer necessary skills have been developed – “More (me on the I, less on the T” (Shah, Horne and Capella, 2012)
– Allegiance to a solu(on, not a vendor • The IT “agnos(c”
• Invest in implemen(ng the process, not just the IT tools / infrastructure
Shah, S., Horne, A., & Capellá, J. (2012). Good Data Won't Guarantee Good Decisions. Harvard Business Review, 90(4), 23-‐25.
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
3. Properly structure analy(cs • Refine the silo approach to analy(cs – Centralized exper(se
• Applica(on of specialized analy(cs knowledge with generalized context
– Localized exper(se • Applica(on of generalized analy(cs knowledge with specialized context
– External exper(se • Analy(cs as a source of compe((ve advantage (Dewhurst, Hancock and Ellsworth, 2013)
• Analy(cs as a commodity (Carr, 2003)
Carr, N. G. (2003). IT Doesn't MaMer. Harvard Business Review, 81(5), 41-‐49. Dewhurst, M., Hancock, B., & Ellsworth, D. (2013). Redesigning Knowledge Work. Harvard Business Review, 91(1), 58-‐64.
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
4. Nurture a learning culture • Solving today’s problems is not always the right approach – How do you get people to think where the ball is going?
• Allow experimenta(on – An agile perspec(ve on failure
• Fail fast – Sandboxes for “playing”
• Train “informed skep(cs” (Shah, Horne and Capella, 2012) – Ques(on common assump(ons, challenge authority
• Enforce the scien(fic method
Shah, S., Horne, A., & Capellá, J. (2012). Good Data Won't Guarantee Good Decisions. Harvard Business Review, 90(4), 23-‐25.
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
5. Focus on the business problem • It’s not enough to have a ques(on to answer – Does the ques(on have weight? – Would the answer clearly contribute to the organiza(on’s boMom line?
– How important is the ques(on among the universe of other ques(ons you might address?
• Adding value through exploita,on ac(vi(es – Allow progressive elabora(on of the problem
• AMack the problem in short itera(ve cycles (e.g., agile) • Adding value through explora,on ac(vi(es – Uncovering new and important ques(ons through experimenta(on
March, J. G. (1991). Explora(on and exploita(on in organiza(onal learning. Organiza(on Science, 2(1), 71-‐87.
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
6. Prac(ce inten(onal implementa(on • Theory of Reasoned Ac(on (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1977) – Behavior driven by inten(ons – Inten(ons fed by
• Aztudes • Subjec(ve norms • Perceived behavior control
– An extension -‐ Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) • Aztudes as “ease of use”, “usefulness”
• Rogers’ Diffusion of Innova(ons (2003) – Rate of adop(on (ed to understanding of adopter categories (innovators to laggards)
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
CONCLUSION Drawing it all together…
Master of Science (MS) in Informatics and Analytics w Information Security w IT Management w Software Engineering
jeff.crawford@lipscomb.edu hMps://www.linkedin.com/in/crawdoctor
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