Skeleton system review

The Axial Skeleton:

The human skeleton is divided into two major subdivisions. The first of these is:

?

Which part is this?

Which part is this?

Which part is this?

Skull

Thoracic Cage

Vertebral Column

The axial skeleton is composed of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. The main function of the axial skeleton is to PROTECT the most crucial ORGANS of the human body. Each of these is essentially a “shaped box” which house such vital and vulnerable organs as the brain (skull), spinal cord (vertebral column), and the heart, lungs, and kidneys (thoracic cage).

The Axial Skeleton (Notes reminder)

The Skull – The skull consists of 29 bones and can be subdivided into four areas, two of which are easily identified:

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The Cranium

The Face

1. 2.

5.

4.

3.

6.

8.

7.

9.

10.

11.

Name these bones

Answers on next page

1. 2.

5.

4.

3.

6.

8.

7.

9.

10.

11.

1. Frontal

2. Parietal

3. Temporal 4. Occipital5. Sphenoid

6. Ethmoid7. Lacrimal

8. Nasal

11. Mandible

9. Zygomatic10. Maxilla

The Vertebral Column - The vertebral column, which is sometimes called “the backbone” or “spinal column” consists of 26 bones in an adult, but has 33 bones in an infant. The vertebral column can be completely subdivided into five areas (four curvatures with the last divided into two parts):

1

2

3

45

1

2

3

5

4

What are the names of these regions of the vertebral column?

Cervical Vertebrae

Thoracic Vertebrae

Lumbar Vertebrae

Coccyx

Sacrum

What are these?

Intervertebral discs

What tissue are these made from?

Fibrous Cartilage

Name two major functions these perform.

1.Shock absorption2.Add flexibility to the vertebral column

Thoracic Cage – sometimes misnamed the “ribcage” has the main function of protecting vital organs such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys, and to a lesser degree the liver, and stomach. The bones of the thoracic cage are as follows:

Name?

Name?

True Ribs

False Ribs

Special name?Floating Ribs

Name?Costal

Cartilage

TissueType?HyalineCartilage

Name?Sternum

What important characteristic does this tissue add to the Thoracic Cage?

Flexibility for breathing

Which part is this?

Which part is this?

Which part is this?

What tissue type is this?

The Manubrium

The Body

The Xiphoid Process

HyalineCartilage

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

Flat Bone

Flat Bone

Irregular Bone

The Appendicular Skeleton:

The second major subdivision of the skeleton is the:

Which part is this?

Which parts are these?

Which part is this?

Which parts are these?Lower Extremities(NOT “legs”)

Pelvic Girdle(NOT “pelvis”)

Upper Extremities(NOT “arms”)

Pectoral (Shoulder)Girdle

Name of entirestructure?

Lower Extremity or

Lower Appendage

2?

3?

4?

1?Patella

Fibula

Femur

Tibia

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

Long Bone

Irregular Bone

3?

4?

5?

6?

7?

2?

1?Phalanges

MetatarsalsCuneiforms

Navicular

Talus

Calcaneus

Cuboid

What is the more specific names given to each of these.

Lateral Cuneiform

MedialCuneiform

IntermediateCuneiform

Distal Phalanx;2nd Digit;Right foot

Proximal Phalanx;3rd digit;Right foot

Name this entire

structure

Upper Extremityor

Upper Appendage

This represents “half” of what

skeletal subdivision?

Pectoral or

“Shoulder” Girdle

Name each of these bones

1?Clavicle

2?Humerus

3?

6?

5?

4?

7?

Radius

Scapula

Ulna

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Specific Name?

Specific Name?

Specific Name?

Group of Bones

Called?

Middle Phalanx;5th Digit;Left Hand

Distal Phalanx;1st Digit;Left Hand

3rd Metacarpal;Left Hand

Carpals

What type of bones are these, with respect to shape?

Short Bones

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

Long Bone

Type of joint with respect to movement?

Specific type of joint?

Specific type of joint?

Ball and Socket Joint

Diarthroses(Freely movable)

Hinge Joint

What is the name of this entire structure?

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

What type of bone is this, with respect to shape?

Irregular Bone

Flat Bone

Skull

With respect to movement, what type of joints are these?

Synarthroses(Immovable)

Specific type of joint?Suture Joint

What part of the bone is this?

What part of the bone is this?

What part of the bone is this?

Proximal Epiphysis

Distal Epiphysis

DiaphysisType of bone with respect to shape?

Long Bone

Contained within spaces?

Bone tissue type?

Bone tissue type?

Cavity called?

Substance called?

What is this?

What are these?

White “stuff” called what?

Tissue type?

Spongy Bone

Red Bone Marrow

Compact Bone

Medullary Cavity

Yellow Bone Marrow

Periosteum

Epiphyseal Discs or

Growth Plates

Hyaline Cartilage

ArticularCartilage

Specific BoneName

1st

Metacarpal;Left Hand

Give the specific joint type for each.

1?

3?

HingeJoint

2?Condyloidor

Ellipsoid Joint Saddle

Joint

4?Gliding Joint

Type of joint with respect to movement

Subcategory of joint including

these?

Describe this specific joint

type

Amphiarthroses(slightly movable)

Synchondroses

Bone to HyalineCartilage to

Bone

Type of joint with respect to movement

Amphiarthroses(slightly movable)

Subcategory of joints including

these

Describe this specific joint type

Symphysis

Bone to FibrousCartilage to Bone