Satellite Networks

Coordination of Satellite Coordination of Satellite NetworksNetworks

BY:- Iqxplorer

PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES - Laws of Physics

Radio waves do not stop at national borders

INTERFERENCE - possible between radio stations of different countries

This risk is high in Space Radiocommunications

RADIO REGULATIONS – One of its main purposes

Interference-free operation of RadioComms

TRANSMITTINGEARTH STATION

RECEIVINGEARTH STATION

INTERFERENCE

TERRESTRIAL STATION

RR MECHANISMS TO CONTROL INTERFERENCE

ALLOCATION – Frequency separation of stations of different services

REGULATORY PROTECTION – e.g. No. 22.2 –

Non-GSO to protect GSO (FSS and BSS)

POWER LIMITS - PFD - to protect TERR from Space services

- EIRP - to protect SPACE from Terr services

- EPFD - to protect GSO from Non-GSO

and…

……andand COORDINATION COORDINATION

Obligatory NEGOTIATIONObligatory NEGOTIATION

between Administrationsbetween Administrations

to arrive at interference-free operationto arrive at interference-free operation

Process and Procedure described in RRProcess and Procedure described in RR

PROVISIONS OF RADIO PROVISIONS OF RADIO REGULATIONSREGULATIONS

PLANNED SERVICESPLANNED SERVICES Broadcasting satellite service Broadcasting satellite service (Appendices 30 and 30A) (Appendices 30 and 30A) Fixed-satellite service (Appendix 30B) Fixed-satellite service (Appendix 30B)

NON-PLANNED SERVICESNON-PLANNED SERVICES Coordination and Coordination and

Notification proceduresNotification procedures

ADVANCE PUBLICATION OF

INFORMATION

COORDINATION

RECORDING

IN MIFR

Central part of a

3-stage process

ADVANCE PUBLICATION OF

INFORMATION

COORDINATION

RECORDING

IN MIFR

Request, Examine, Establish Findings & Coordination Requirements, Publish, Coordinate

Submit, Publish

Notify, Examine, Check Coordination Agreements, Record

PROCEDURES APPLICABLE PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO NON-PLANNEDTO NON-PLANNED

SATELLITE NETWORKSSATELLITE NETWORKS

ARTICLE 9 ARTICLE 9

Procedure forProcedure for Effecting Coordination withEffecting Coordination with

or Obtaining Agreement of other or Obtaining Agreement of other AdministrationsAdministrations

WRC-95, -97, -2000, -03

SIMPLIFIED COORDINATION PROCEDURE

Article 9 contains (almost) all cases of coordination in non-planned bands for GSO and N-GSO networks, earth and terrestrial stations (previously Articles 11, 14 and

Resolutions 33, 46)

REGULATORY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TOREGULATORY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TONON-PLANNED SPACE SERVICESNON-PLANNED SPACE SERVICES

ADVANCE PUBLICATION

Art. 9,Section I, Sub-Sections IA and IB

REQUEST AGREEMENT Art. 9/9.21Ap4/II or III

GEO v. GEOArt. 9/9.7 Res. 33/II

Non-GEO v. Non-GEO, GEO, TERRGEO v. Non-GEO,TERR9.11A (12, 12A, 13, 14)

NOTIFICATIONArt. 11

Res. 33

RECORDING IN MIFR

Applies for all satellitenetworks except for those to beoperated in accordance with a Plan i.e. App. 30, 30A & 30B

Appliesonly incertainbands &services

GEO only GEO & Non-GEO

Non-GEO

REQUEST COORDINATION Ap4/II

BSS v. TERR9.11

Res. 33/I

GEO Non-GEO

ADVANCE PUBLICATION OF ADVANCE PUBLICATION OF INFORMATIONINFORMATION

ON SATELLITE NETWORKSON SATELLITE NETWORKS(Section I of Article 9)(Section I of Article 9)

– Aim is to inform all administrations of Aim is to inform all administrations of any planned satellite network (GSO or any planned satellite network (GSO or N-GSO) and its general descriptionN-GSO) and its general description

– Formal mechanism for making initial Formal mechanism for making initial assessment of the interference effects assessment of the interference effects of that planned satellite networkof that planned satellite network

ADVANCE PUBLICATION (1) ADVANCE PUBLICATION (1)

Section I has two sub-sectionsSection I has two sub-sections

1A:1A: Advance publication of information Advance publication of information on satellite systems that are on satellite systems that are NOT NOT subject to coordinationsubject to coordination procedure procedure under Section II of Article 9under Section II of Article 9

1B:1B: Advance publication of information Advance publication of information on satellite systems that on satellite systems that are SUBJECT are SUBJECT to the coordinationto the coordination procedure under procedure under Section II of Article 9Section II of Article 9

ADVANCE PUBLICATION (2)ADVANCE PUBLICATION (2)

Information to be communicated to the Information to be communicated to the BR: BR: AP4 AP4

To be initiated: 2 - 7 years before the To be initiated: 2 - 7 years before the planned date of bringing into use of planned date of bringing into use of the network (or system) - 9.1the network (or system) - 9.1

BR publishes Special Section API/ABR publishes Special Section API/A

ADVANCE PUBLICATION (3)ADVANCE PUBLICATION (3)

API phase is obligatory, before API phase is obligatory, before coordination phase or notificationcoordination phase or notification

No priority in being first to start No priority in being first to start advance publicationadvance publication

Starts the regulatory clockStarts the regulatory clock

ADVANCE PUBLICATION (4)ADVANCE PUBLICATION (4)

Must be re-started:Must be re-started: for new frequency band(s)for new frequency band(s) for a change of GSO orbital for a change of GSO orbital

location by > 6 degreeslocation by > 6 degrees If no CR within 24 months from If no CR within 24 months from

API receiptAPI receipt

COORDINATION OF COORDINATION OF SATELLITE NETWORKSSATELLITE NETWORKS

Section II, Article 9Section II, Article 9

““Procedure for effecting coordinationProcedure for effecting coordination””

Contains (almost) all cases of Contains (almost) all cases of coordination for non-planned satellite coordination for non-planned satellite networks (GSO and N-GSO), earth and networks (GSO and N-GSO), earth and terrestrial stations terrestrial stations

COORDINATION CASES – Not in Art.9

Article 7 of Appendix 30 – Non-planned FSS or BSS w.r. to BSS Plan

Article 7 of Appendix 30A – Non-planned FSS of BSS w.r. to Feeder Link Plan

Resolution 77 (WRC-2000) – FSS with Terrestrial Services (11.7-12.2 GHz)

Resolution 84 (WRC-2000) – FSS with Terrestrial Services in R2 (37.5-40 GHz)

Res.539 – resolves 2, “Furthemore”, first indent: Non-GSO BSS at 2.6 GHz

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (2) (2)

Procedure for coordination of GSO Procedure for coordination of GSO and Non-GSO satellite networkand Non-GSO satellite network

Article 9 is to be applied for Article 9 is to be applied for coordination of GSO and N-GSO coordination of GSO and N-GSO networks in the following cases:networks in the following cases:

• Between GSO networks - 9.7 • Between GSO and N-GSO and between

N-GSO networks (in accordance with a footnote in the Table) - 9.12, 9.12A, 9.13

• Space station of a satellite network w.r. to stations of terrestrial services where threshold value is exceeded - 9.14

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (3) (3)

• space station in the BSS (non-planned) with respect to terrestrial services -

- 9.11/Res. 33, RS539

• any station of a space service for which the requirement to seek the agreement of other administrations is included in a footnote to the Table - 9.21

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (4) (4)

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (5) (5)

• in all these cases, request for coordination shall be sent by the requesting administration to the BR together with the appropriate information listed in Ap4 (9.30)

• simultaneous request for all applicable forms of coordination (9.23)

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (6) (6)

date of receipt of the coordination date of receipt of the coordination request must be => six months after the request must be => six months after the date of receipt of API (9.1)date of receipt of API (9.1)

request for coordination must come request for coordination must come within 24 months after the date of within 24 months after the date of receipt of the advance information, receipt of the advance information, otherwise restart otherwise restart API (9.5D)API (9.5D)

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (7) (7)Action of the BRAction of the BR

> - The Bureau examines coordination requests - The Bureau examines coordination requests (if complete) for conformity with:(if complete) for conformity with:

– the Table of Frequency Allocations the Table of Frequency Allocations –– 9.35 9.35

– other provisions of the RR other provisions of the RR –– 9.35 9.35 (e.g. compliance with PFD (e.g. compliance with PFD

limits)limits)> - The BR identifies, in accordance with Ap5 , - The BR identifies, in accordance with Ap5 ,

any administration with which coordination any administration with which coordination may need to be effected may need to be effected –– 9.36 9.36

COORDINATION (8)

• Appendix 5

“Identification of administrations with which coordination is to be effected or agreement sought under the provisions of Article 9”

• Ap5 contains criteria for identification of assignments to be taken into account in effecting coordination or seeking agreement

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (9) (9)

Methods, threshold levels and Methods, threshold levels and conditions given in Tables 5-1 and conditions given in Tables 5-1 and 5-2 differ according to the specific 5-2 differ according to the specific cases of coordination (GSO/GSO, cases of coordination (GSO/GSO, GSO/N-GSO, GSO+N-GSO with GSO/N-GSO, GSO+N-GSO with respect to terrestrial services)respect to terrestrial services)

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (10) (10)

GSO/GSOGSO/GSO

criterion DeltaT/T>6%, method of criterion DeltaT/T>6%, method of

calculation in Ap8calculation in Ap8

Coordination Arc: GSO FSS in certain Coordination Arc: GSO FSS in certain

frequency bandsfrequency bands

List of ADMINISTRATIONSList of ADMINISTRATIONS

List of NETWORKS, for informationList of NETWORKS, for information

COORDINATIONCOORDINATION (11) (11)

The BR publishes the information (network The BR publishes the information (network data) in a Special Section of its IFIC, on CD-data) in a Special Section of its IFIC, on CD-ROM, fortnightly since 2000, as well as the ROM, fortnightly since 2000, as well as the results of its examination, i.e. findings, results of its examination, i.e. findings, coordination requirements (list of ADMINS), coordination requirements (list of ADMINS), list of networks (for information, where list of networks (for information, where appropriate)appropriate)

BR COMMENTS - Findings with respect to No.9.35/11.31

1. For frequency assignments in the

12.5-12.7 GHz band:

1.1 UNFAVOURABLE for all frequency assignments in transmitting space station beams ETH and ETV with maximum power density greater than or equal to –55.8 dBW/Hz (p.f.d. limits of 21.16 are exceeded).

BR COMMENTS - Findings BR COMMENTS - Findings with respect to with respect to No.9.35/11.31No.9.35/11.31

1.21.2UNFAVOURABLE for UNFAVOURABLE for frequency assignment 12.5 frequency assignment 12.5 GHz in transmitting space GHz in transmitting space station beam UPC (out-of-station beam UPC (out-of-band).band).

1.31.3FAVOURABLE for all other FAVOURABLE for all other frequency assignments.frequency assignments.

BR COMMENTS – Coordination Requirements (No.9.36)

CR/C• Applicable forms of COORD (page 1)• Summary of COORD Requirements, per form of coord – List of Admins (p. 2)

(Last part of CR/C)• Detailed COORD requirements (Admins) for

each group of frequency assignments• List of networks identified (for info only)

COORDINATION (12)COORDINATION (12)

The list of:The list of:– administrations identified by the BR administrations identified by the BR

under 9. 11 to 9.14 and 9.21under 9. 11 to 9.14 and 9.21– networks identified by the BR under networks identified by the BR under

9.79.7 are only for information purposes (to are only for information purposes (to

help administrations comply with help administrations comply with procedures) - 9.36.1, procedures) - 9.36.1, 9.36.29.36.2

COORDINATION (13)COORDINATION (13)

The list of ADMINs identified under 9.7, as The list of ADMINs identified under 9.7, as a result of Coordination Arc or DeltaT/T, is a result of Coordination Arc or DeltaT/T, is the formal list of administrations with the formal list of administrations with which coordination is requiredwhich coordination is required

Coordination Arc results: 9.41/9.42, Coordination Arc results: 9.41/9.42, inclusion, exclusion (4 months)inclusion, exclusion (4 months)

Four months for commentsFour months for comments

COORDINATION (14)COORDINATION (14)

For coordination requests under 9.11 For coordination requests under 9.11 to 9.14 and 9.21, the BR shall, 45 to 9.14 and 9.21, the BR shall, 45 days prior to the expiry of the days prior to the expiry of the fourmonth period, dispatch a circular fourmonth period, dispatch a circular telegram to all administrations telegram to all administrations bringing the matter for their attention bringing the matter for their attention and 30 days later a reminder (9.52D)and 30 days later a reminder (9.52D)

COORDINATION (15) COORDINATION (15)

Action by administrationsAction by administrations……

An administration having received a An administration having received a request for coordination shall request for coordination shall examine the matter with respect to examine the matter with respect to interference which may be caused to, interference which may be caused to, or caused by, its own assignmentsor caused by, its own assignments

COORDINATION (16) COORDINATION (16)

……Action by administrationsAction by administrations……

inform the requesting administration and inform the requesting administration and the BR within four months from the date the BR within four months from the date of publication of the BR IFIC of either:of publication of the BR IFIC of either:

– its agreement to the proposed use, orits agreement to the proposed use, or

– its disagreement, giving reasons for its disagreement, giving reasons for the disagreementthe disagreement

COORDINATION (17) COORDINATION (17)

……Action by administrationsAction by administrations……

For coordination requests under 9.11 For coordination requests under 9.11 (Res.33, w.r. to terrestrial services), (Res.33, w.r. to terrestrial services), 9.12 to 9.14 and 9.21, the absence of 9.12 to 9.14 and 9.21, the absence of disagreement within the 4-month disagreement within the 4-month period means agreement (9.52C) !period means agreement (9.52C) !

SpaceComSpaceCom

COORDINATION (18) COORDINATION (18)

……Action by BureauAction by Bureau……

Checking of received commentsChecking of received comments

Verification of coordination Verification of coordination requirements and CR/D publication requirements and CR/D publication (9.53A)(9.53A)

COORDINATION (19) COORDINATION (19)

Checking of received commentsChecking of received comments Verification of coordination Verification of coordination

requirements and CR/D publication requirements and CR/D publication (9.53A)(9.53A)

COORDINATION (20) COORDINATION (20)

Res.33 (Rev. WRC-03)Res.33 (Rev. WRC-03)Procedure applicable to non-planned Procedure applicable to non-planned BSS is included in Article 9. However, BSS is included in Article 9. However, WRC-97 decided that for satellite WRC-97 decided that for satellite networks for which API information networks for which API information was received prior to 01.01.1999 - was received prior to 01.01.1999 - Resolution 33 applies.Resolution 33 applies.

If API information was received after If API information was received after 01.01.99 01.01.99 –– 9.11 applies 9.11 applies

COORDINATION (21)COORDINATION (21)

Coordination is a regulatory obligation:Coordination is a regulatory obligation:– for the administration wishing to for the administration wishing to

assign a frequency to a station;assign a frequency to a station;– for any other administration whose for any other administration whose

services might be affected. (9.53)services might be affected. (9.53)

The agreement resulting from The agreement resulting from coordination involves certain rights and coordination involves certain rights and obligationsobligations

COORDINATION (22)COORDINATION (22)

Coordination is to be effected in Coordination is to be effected in accordance with RR procedures and accordance with RR procedures and on the basis of criteria established on the basis of criteria established by the RR or agreed to between by the RR or agreed to between administrationsadministrations

Date of bringing into use of Date of bringing into use of frequency assignments to frequency assignments to

space networksspace networks

9.19.1 Advance publication procedure shall be Advance publication procedure shall be initiated not earlier than 7 years before the initiated not earlier than 7 years before the planned date of bringing into use of the planned date of bringing into use of the network.network.

Date of bringing into use (2)Date of bringing into use (2)

11.4411.44 The notified date of bringing into use The notified date of bringing into use of any frequency assignment to a of any frequency assignment to a space station shall be not later than 7 space station shall be not later than 7 years years following the date of receiptfollowing the date of receipt by by the BR of the relevant information the BR of the relevant information under 9.1.under 9.1.

Date of bringing into use (3)Date of bringing into use (3)

Res. 51 (WRC-2000)Res. 51 (WRC-2000)““Transitional arrangements relating to the API Transitional arrangements relating to the API and coordination of satellite networksand coordination of satellite networks””

Resolves - For satellite networks for which API Resolves - For satellite networks for which API had been received by the BR prior to 22.11.97, had been received by the BR prior to 22.11.97, the maximum allowed time period to bring the maximum allowed time period to bring frequency assignment into use shall be 6 frequency assignment into use shall be 6 years plus the extensions pursuant to RR1550 years plus the extensions pursuant to RR1550 (6+3=9 YEARS) (6+3=9 YEARS) from the date offrom the date of publicationpublication of of the API.the API.

Due Diligence Due Diligence (Administrative)(Administrative)

Resolution 49Resolution 49: to address the : to address the problem of reservation of orbit and problem of reservation of orbit and spectrum capacity without actual use spectrum capacity without actual use (Res. 18 of Kyoto Plenipotentiary)(Res. 18 of Kyoto Plenipotentiary)

Applies from 22.11.1997 to any Applies from 22.11.1997 to any satellite network in the FSS, MSS, satellite network in the FSS, MSS, BSS that is subject to coordinationBSS that is subject to coordination

Due Diligence (2)Due Diligence (2)Information required:Information required:

Annex 2 to Resolution 49Annex 2 to Resolution 49

A.A. Identity of the satellite networkIdentity of the satellite network

B.B. Spacecraft manufacturerSpacecraft manufacturer

C.C. Launch services providerLaunch services provider

Due Diligence (3)Due Diligence (3)

Six months before expiry of the Six months before expiry of the regulatory limit for bringing into use, regulatory limit for bringing into use, the BR sends a reminderthe BR sends a reminder

If the complete due diligence If the complete due diligence information is not received within the information is not received within the specified time limit, the network shall specified time limit, the network shall no longer be taken into account and no longer be taken into account and shall not be recorded in the Master shall not be recorded in the Master RegisterRegister

TRANSMITTINGEARTH STATION

RECEIVINGEARTH STATION

INTERFERENCE

TERRESTRIAL STATION

QUESTIONS ?