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A slide demonstration of the connection between the journal, ledger and trail balance.
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PARTICULARS PR DEBIT CREDITJan 1 Cash 101 250000
Martinez, Capital 301 250000
DATE
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditDate
GENERAL LEDGER
DateCASH 101
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditDate
GENERAL LEDGER
DateMARTINEZ, CAPITAL 301
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT CREDITJan 1 Cash 101 250000
Martinez, Capital 301 250000
GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 1DATE
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditJan 1 GJ1 250000Date
GENERAL LEDGER
DateCASH 101
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditDate
GENERAL LEDGER
DateMARTINEZ, CAPITAL 301
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT CREDITJan 1 Cash 101 250000
Martinez, Capital 301 250000
DATE
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditJan 1 GJ1 250000Date
GENERAL LEDGER
DateCASH 101
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditJan 1 GJ1 250000
Date
GENERAL LEDGER
DateMARTINEZ, CAPITAL 301
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT CREDITJan 1 Cash 101 250000
Martinez, Capital 301 250000
GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 1DATE
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditJan 1 GJ1 250000Date
GENERAL LEDGER
DateCASH 101
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditJan 1 GJ1 250000
Date
GENERAL LEDGER
DateMARTINEZ, CAPITAL 301
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT CREDITJan 1 Cash 101 250000
Martinez, Capital 301 250000
GENERAL JOURNAL PAGE 1DATE
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditJan 1 GJ1 250000Date
GENERAL LEDGER
DateCASH 101
Particulars PR Debit Particulars PR CreditJan 1 GJ1 250000
Date
GENERAL LEDGER
DateMARTINEZ, CAPITAL 301
Assuming that after the occurrence of several
transactions, the ledger accounts appeared as follows...
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 12,000 Jan 13 GJ2 1,000
14 GJ2 11,500 15 GJ2 2,000 23,500 3,000
Balance 20,500
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 20,000 Jan 14 GJ2 11,500
9 GJ1 18,700 38,700 11,500
Balance 27,200
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 5,000
5,000 -
Balance 5,000
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 3,500
16 GJ2 5,000 8,500 -
Balance 8,500
CASH 101DATE DATE
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 102
OFFICE EQUIPMENT 150DATE DATE
DATE DATE
OFFICE SUPPLIES 103DATE DATE
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 15,000
7 GJ1 20,350 16 GJ2 5,500
- 40,850
Balance 40,850
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 2,200
- 2,200
Balance 2,200
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 25,500
- 25,500
Balance 25,500
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 9 GJ1 17,000
- 17,000
Balance 17,000
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 201DATE DATE
INCOME TAX PAYABLE 207
SERVICE REVENUE 400DATE DATE
DATE DATE
MARTINEZ, CAPITAL 300DATE DATE
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 15 GJ2 2,500
2,500 -
Balance 2,500
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 15 GJ2 1,000
1,000 -
Balance 1,000
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 7 GJ1 1,850
16 GJ2 500 2,350 -
Balance 2,350
DATE DATE
REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE EXPENSE 500DATE DATE
SALARIES & WAGES EXPENSE 500DATE DATE
UTILITIES EXPENSE 500
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 7 GJ1 18,500
18,500 -
Balance 18,500
ADVERTISING EXPENSE 500DATE DATE
After posting the transactions, the balances of the ledger accounts must be determined. The balances will be used in preparing a trial balance.
The following procedures and guidelines must be remembered in determining the account balances.
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 12,000 Jan 13 GJ2 1,000
14 GJ2 11,500 15 GJ2 2,000 23,500 3,000
Balance 20,500
CASH 101DATE DATE
Add the debits and write the sum in superscript.
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 12,000 Jan 13 GJ2 1,000
14 GJ2 11,500 15 GJ2 2,000 23,500 3,000
Balance 20,500
CASH 101DATE DATE
Add the credits and write the sum in superscript.
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 12,000 Jan 13 GJ2 1,000
14 GJ2 11,500 15 GJ2 2,000 23,500 3,000
Balance 20,500
CASH 101DATE DATE
Then determine if the account has a debit balance or credit balance. In this case, because the total debits is more than the total credits, the Cash account has a debit balance. Double rule the balance.
All ledger balances must be determined. The ledger balances of
each account will be as follows:
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 12,000 Jan 13 GJ2 1,000
14 GJ2 11,500 15 GJ2 2,000 23,500 3,000
Balance 20,500
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 20,000 Jan 14 GJ2 11,500
9 GJ1 18,700 38,700 11,500
Balance 27,200
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 5,000
5,000 -
Balance 5,000
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 3,500
16 GJ2 5,000 8,500 -
Balance 8,500
OFFICE EQUIPMENT 150DATE DATE
DATE DATE
OFFICE SUPPLIES 103DATE DATE
CASH 101DATE DATE
ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 102
There is no need to write the total credit (or debit) of an account if there is only one credit (or debit).
There is also no need to write the total of debits (or credits) in superscript if there is no credit (or debit).
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 15,000
7 GJ1 20,350 16 GJ2 5,500
- 40,850
Balance 40,850
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 2,200
- 2,200
Balance 2,200
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 25,500
- 25,500
Balance 25,500
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 9 GJ1 17,000
- 17,000
Balance 17,000
SERVICE REVENUE 400DATE DATE
DATE DATE
MARTINEZ, CAPITAL 300DATE DATE
ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 201DATE DATE
INCOME TAX PAYABLE 207
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 15 GJ2 2,500
2,500 -
Balance 2,500
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 15 GJ2 1,000
1,000 -
Balance 1,000
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 7 GJ1 1,850
16 GJ2 500 2,350 -
Balance 2,350
SALARIES & WAGES EXPENSE 500DATE DATE
UTILITIES EXPENSE 500DATE DATE
REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE EXPENSE 500DATE DATE
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 7 GJ1 18,500
18,500 -
Balance 18,500
ADVERTISING EXPENSE 500DATE DATE
After determining the account balances, a trial balance will be prepared.
PARTICULARS PR DEBIT PARTICULARS PR CREDITJan 1 GJ1 12,000 Jan 13 GJ2 1,000
14 GJ2 11,500 15 GJ2 2,000 23,500 3,000
Balance 20,500
CASH 101DATE DATE
DEBIT CREDITCASH 20500ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 27200OFFICE SUPPLIES 5000OFFICE EQUIPMENT 8500ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 40850INCOME TAX PAYABLE 2200MARTINEZ, CAPITAL 25500SERVICE REVENUE 17000SALARIES & WAGES EXPENSE 2500UTILITIES EXPENSE 1000REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE EXPENSE 2350ADVERTISING EXPENSE 18500TOTAL 85550 85550
SAMPLE SERVICING COMPANYTRIAL BALANCE
AS OF JANUARY 15, 2011
Because Cash has a debit balance it is placed in the debit column of the trial balance. Accounts with credit balances must be placed on the credit column of the trial balance.
The total debits must equal the total credits. Double rule the totals.
A little bit of caution...
The equality of total debits and total credits in the trial balance does not guarantee the absence of errors.
The financial statements can now be prepared using the amounts in the trial balance.
DEBIT CREDITCASH 20500ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 27200OFFICE SUPPLIES 5000OFFICE EQUIPMENT 8500ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 40850INCOME TAX PAYABLE 2200MARTINEZ, CAPITAL 25500SERVICE REVENUE 17000SALARIES & WAGES EXPENSE 2500UTILITIES EXPENSE 1000REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE EXPENSE 2350ADVERTISING EXPENSE 18500TOTAL 85550 85550
SAMPLE SERVICING COMPANYTRIAL BALANCE
AS OF JANUARY 15, 2011
Service Revenue 17,000 Salaries & Wages Expense (2,500) Utilities Expense (1,000) Repairs & Maintenance Expense (2,350) Advertising Expense (18,500) Net income (Loss) (7,350)
SAMPLE SERVICING COMPANYSTATEMENT OF RECOGNIZED INCOME AND EXPENSES
For the period ended January 15, 2011
DEBIT CREDITCASH 20500ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 27200OFFICE SUPPLIES 5000OFFICE EQUIPMENT 8500ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 40850INCOME TAX PAYABLE 2200MARTINEZ, CAPITAL 25500SERVICE REVENUE 17000SALARIES & WAGES EXPENSE 2500UTILITIES EXPENSE 1000REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE EXPENSE 2350ADVERTISING EXPENSE 18500TOTAL 85550 85550
SAMPLE SERVICING COMPANYTRIAL BALANCE
AS OF JANUARY 15, 2011
Current Assets:Cash 20,500 Accounts Receivable 27,200 Offi ce Supplies 5,000
Non-Current Asset:Offi ce Equipment 8,500
TOTAL ASSETS 61,200
Current Liabilities:Accounts Payable 40,850 Income Tax Payable 2,200
Owner's Equity:Martinez, Capital 18,150
TOTAL LIABILITIES & EQUITY 61200
SAMPLE SERVICING COMPANYSTATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As of Jan. 15, 2011
The Capital account balance is computed as follows:
Beginning capital P 25,500Net Loss ( 7,350)Ending capital P 18,150
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