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Passivhaus BuildingSkills & Training
Steve CharterSC2 Sustainability Consultancy
Objectives
Provide an overview and clarify:1) key skills issues for Passivhaus Buildings2) business implications of
a) having those skills;
b) not having those skills.
3) Your skills needs and skills gaps in this area4) how to go about developing Passivhaus
building skills and give you some confidence about this... In order that you have the chance of securing business in this area.
Skills and knowledge for Passivhaus buildings
Four key steps to competence i.e. how to get there
1. Awareness - knowing that you need to know
2. Understanding – theoretical base3. Operational knowledge – doing it4. Competence - doing it well,
repeatedly
Awareness → Understanding → Operational knowledge → Competence
Exercise 1:
Define low energy sustainable building? (or construction)
Normally 1 minute exercise ... Different ideas and opinions, and nothing very clear and specific
• Define Passivhaus?= A clear and specific low energy building methodology and standard= clear and specific knowledge & skills
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
1 6
11
16
21
26
31
36
41
46
51
56
61 1 6
11 16
21
26
31
36
41 3 8
13
18
23 4 8
12
19
23 3 8
13
18
23
28
an
nu
al h
eat
con
su
mp
tion
[kW
h/(
m²a
)]
63 row houses in Heidelberg (Bj.
1962) 41 low energy houses
Niedernhausen 199127 low energy
houses, Hessia
22 houses, PH settlement Wiesbaden 1997
32 passive houses Kronsberg 1998
180
66 74
Benutzereinfluss im PassivhausOccupant behaviour makes a difference: the average matters
Existing buildings
Low energy buildings
90%
Passivhaus houses
13.4 14.9
Why is it important to you?
Changes in Regulations and Standards
Building Regulations changes i.e. Part L, Water Code for Sustainable Homes Code for Sustainable Buildings (impending) Code / Building Regs for Existing Homes? EU Energy Performance in Buildings Directive
It’s the way the UK, Europe and the world is going ...
If you can do Passivhaus correctly, you can do any of the above ... Easily.
Why is it important to you?Changes in Markets Public sector clients and public funded projects:
Leeds City Council: tender for 5 Passivhaus schools Social housing clients
100+ in the pipeline for certification Low energy retrofit projects
Discerning private, education and third sector WCR Dover Passivhaus office; Centre for Disability
Studies; Hadlow College; Eco-selfbuild projects
Low energy and fabric first is the way the UK, Europe and the world is going ...
Business Implications
1. Trends in Regulations and Standards
2. Trends in the Market
3. Implications for knowledge, skills & competence
4. Needs for proof of competence / experience in:
a) achieving high building performance standards b) As well as achieving low / zero waste, sustainable
procurement, etc
Trend Example: ‘Zero Carbon’ Standard
Revised Definition of ‘Zero Carbon’
Recommended Fabric Efficiency Standards Recommended Metric = kWh/m2/yr
39 kWh/m2/yr: flats & mid-terrace; 46 kWh/m2/yr: semis / end-of-terrace &
detached; Covering Space heating & cooling energy
demand
NOTE: Passivhaus is 15kWh/m2/yr ...
Predictable Trends: 2010-2015
‘Sorting the wheat from the chaff’ and ‘the men from the boys’
The best will emerge, become clear and be known ...
Standards Certification and Competency schemes
Building design and construction methodologies
Products Technologies
Product+Technology combinations TRAINING
It will be good business to know how to achieve them / know how to use them in advance.
Predictable Trends'sorting the wheat from the chaff‘ ... or ‘the men from the boys’
Knowledge, skills & competence for low energy sustainable
buildings will be recognised as central issues
‘Proper’ Sust Building training & qualifications will emerge
Training the Trainers programmes will be key to successful UK skills
development
Everyone Needs Education
Planning
Procurement
Design
Construction productsConstruction
Building use
Planners
Building control
Transport planners
ClientsDevelopers
Housing associations
Architects
Architectural technologists
Building services
ManufacturersInstallersSMEsConstruction companies
Building managers
Users
English Heritage
Sustainable Building Knowledge & Skills:
Many audiences, similar messages
Energy supply
Repair &Maintenance
Energy suppliers
Source:
The Chain of Skills and Knowledge
Tender & Design• Client• Consultants• Architects
Construction• Lead contractor• Sub-contractors• Construction• Building services• Project
managers
Use• Owners• Users• Managers• Maintenance &
Repair
Passivhaus Buildings Chain of Knowledge & Skills
Where are you in it?
Who / what are your links in the chain?
How can you put in place the knowledge, skills and competence in all links of the chain?
Passivhaus Building Skills
A Reminder:
If clients, designers, specifiers and builders are to get it right, obviously ...
... the right skills and knowledge have to be in place before the building is built or refurbished.
Mainly this involves: a) improving or refining existing skills b) by adding new knowledge.
Defining Passivhaus Building Skills
Skills relating to proper implementation of the methodology
5 core components
Skills relating to achieving the standard (including the new Passivhaus retrofit
standard)
Other Factors Relating to Passivhaus Buildings
Buildability: easily buildable to meet tough energy performance targets; i.e. not a fiddley and complicated building envelope;
Simplicity: linked to buildability and usability; i.e. lessons from Milton Keynes energy village – users didn’t
understand or use technologies properly; no local people to maintain or repair them, etc.
Usability: usable for users, including simplicity of use; Centre for Disability Studies – outstanding design for users
Future proofed: design for climate change, adaptable, re-usable building and / or components, dismantleable, etc. Climate change mitigation: minimising carbon emissions climate change adaptation i.e. to prevent over-heating
Source: PHI Darmstadt / AECB
2. Max Thermal Efficiency / Min Heat-loss• Super insulation: walls, floors, roof• Airtightness & ventilation i.e. MVHR/heat-recovery• Minimum thermal bridging• Buffer-zones / sun-spaces • High performance windows & doors
4. Minimising Energy & Electrical Demand + Renewable Supply • natural lighting • e.g. LED lighting• AA* appliances• renewable supplies
1. Solar Gain &Min Over-Heating• Location & orientation• Summer shading• Low-e glass
6. Minimising WaterDemand & Runoff• low flush toilets• efficient showers, taps, appliances, etc• rainwater harvesting• greenroof, SDS, etc
3. Passivhaus Products & Materials• structural & insulation /Building systems• internal & externalfinishes• local-regional supplies
5. WasteMinimisation• materials selection•re-used / recycledmaterials• site waste minimis-ation plan
7. Enhancing Ecology& Biodiversity• site works• landscaping• within structure e.g.greenroof, built-in batboxes, etc
Sustainable Building Skills & Competence Tree
Low Energy Building
‘Fabric first’: super
insulation
Airtightness & Thermal Bridging
Natural light &
ventilation
Sustainable Building Products & Materials
Embodied & Health Impacts
Applicability & Cost
Product & System
Combinations
Efficient Energy
Systems, Renewable
s & Sustainable Utilites
Energy Demand
Reduction
Renewable / Sustainable
Supply
Whole Systems & Technology
Combinations
Waste Minimisati
on & Materials Efficiency
Site Waste Manageme
nt Plans
Waste Minimisation –
products & site-practices
Re-use and Recycling – practices &
products
Water Efficiency
& Harvesting
Water efficient techs
& systems
Water harvesting & re-use
Site water management (green roofs, SUDS, etc)
Mapping: Skills & Competence
Low Energy Building
Energy Systems
Materials & Products
Water Efficiency & SystemsWaste Minimisation & Materials Efficiency
Embodied / Wholelife Impacts & Costs
Other e.g. CSH
0
40
80
Skills & Competence
IndividualCompany
Low Energy Building Competence
Design & Fabric / Trade related skills: High levels of insulation:
New build: e.g. generally walls at 500mm Refurb: Internal and External
Airtightness: envelope, testing, improving; Thermal bridging (heat transfer): avoid ThB using
products & techniques e.g. TeploTies; high performance windows; detail at junctions (i.e. see Carbonlite guidance);
MVHR and building services
Other Design related skills Using PHPP Passive solar gain and natural light Thermal mass – not always essential, but often used
Sustainable Building Systems
The parts that make up the whole
Source: The Passivhaus Diaries, Bill Butcher – Green Building Company, with Building Magazine
Airtightness Skills ...
Careful sealing of window-to-wall junctions is
essential
• use special tapes to seal the render to the airtightness membrane
• angles / corners need to be sealed with special mastic
picture
Source: Centrum pasivního domu / AECB
Building Services: keep breaks in the fabric to a minimum
Services penetrations in the fabric should be sealed by cable or hose bushings, pipe sleeves or butyl rubber tapes
Source: Centrum pasivního domu / AECB
Example: skills for thermally efficient buildings
Design skills for architect who designs the building and archtectural technologists; energy consultants; energy / utility systems for BS engineers; including IT / modelling skills;
Trade skills for the trades who put together the building: Carpentry; Brick-laying; Plastering and dry-lining; etc
Building services skills: plumbing, electrical, heating and ventilation - and maintaining airtightness.
Project and site management skills for those who manage the process.
Other valuable skills: a) use and interpretation of thermal imaging cameras; b) air-blower tests, diagnosis & remediation of any faults.
Competence: New Build
Depends on your role – example: airtightness Architect : good design for airtightness = knowledge
of ‘buildability’ i.e. simpler envelope:▪ is simpler in construction, with higher probability of long term
airtightness; ▪ reduces the ratio of external surface area to volume (reduces
heatloss potential).
Builder: attention to detail broadly same result needed as a flat roof – it mustn’t leak,
or have weak points.
RememberThe ‘Fabric First’ Approach means primarily adding to, improving or refining existing skills
Skills for Thermally Efficient Buildings
Architect Builder / Trades
InsulationDesign to achieve target energy performance; u-values etc;
PHPP Modelling;
Structure and insulation
A tight fit with no gaps;
Junction details.
Airtightness;Design for buildability;
Knowing what to use and what to avoid;
Achieving an air-tight envelope;
Use of seals, sleeves, tapes, membranes;
No / minimal leaks;
Thermal
bridging;
Knowledge of products;
Detailed design;
Modelling;
Selection and proper installation of products;
Attention to detail;
Common factor: attention to detail!
Source: PHI Darmstadt / AECB
2. Max Thermal Efficiency / Min Heat-loss• Super insulation: walls, floors, roof• Airtightness & MVHR/heat-recovery• Minimum thermal bridging• Buffer-zones / sun-spaces • High performance windows & doors
1. Solar Gain &Min Over-Heating• Location & orientation• Summer shading• Low-e glass
6. Minimising WaterDemand & Runoff• low flush toilets• efficient showers, taps, appliances, etc• rainwater harvesting• greenroof, SDS, etc
3. Passivhaus Products& Materials• structural & insulation• internal & externalfinishes• local-regional supplies
5. WasteMinimisation• materials selection• re-used / recycledmaterials• site waste minimis-ation plan
7. Enhancing Ecology& Biodiversity• site works• landscaping• within structure e.g.greenroof, built-in batboxes, etc
Need: Skills for doing these things well ...
4. Minimising Energy & Electrical Demand + Renewable Supply • natural lighting • e.g. LED lighting• AA* appliances• renewable supplies
Trick of the trade ...
Make someone in your team the
‘Airtightness Champion’ ...
‘Passivhaus Products Champion’
Etc ...
Lessons from Stamford Brook
To close the Building-and-Skills Performance GapTake action to overcome the challenges and barriers to closing the building-and-skills performance gap:
Cultural – establish traditions in a) energy performance measurement, b) design & construction processes which measure performance & feed it back to create system improvements.
Knowledge and understanding – understand & prioritise the principles of effective thermal envelope, & systems design & construction. Achieve improvements at all levels, from developers & designers to site operatives.
Regulatory Implementation – standards have improved & will continue to do so - ensure that energy standards are well enforced & measured in your own projects.
Training Problems / Challenges
Currently a distinct lack of:1. formally accredited courses on
sustainable building issues;2. low-energy building content within
mainstream building-related qualifications e.g. BTECs, NVQs, etc.
3. trainers with real experience / competence in low energy sustainable building.
SB Training & Skills Plans
Steve’s Recommendation:Develop a Skills Plan / Learning pathway for Passivhaus building skills and competence
Including getting to know: training that is available now in key skills areas; training that is known to be under development; key organisations involved in providing,
brokering & developing sustainable building training e.g. Carbonlite, SusCon, Green Gauge, etc;
Training: Passivhaus Building Competence Pete Warm & Carbonlite courses (AECB):
Passivhaus courses: principles & using PHPP; Modelling Thermal Bridging;
From 2011: Green Gauge, and ‘EcoBuilder Training’ (Oxon Constr’n Training Group);
Oxford Brookes, Leeds Met Uni, UCL, etc. BRE / BRE Wales Certifier training: Passivhaus Trust; BRE;
Scottish PH Institute, etc.
Informal: Green Building magazine; The Green Building
Bible; Passivhaus Diaries; etc. Low Carbon Housing Learning Zone;
On-Line Resources
AECB including Carbonlite Programme – accredited details, training, etc www.carbonlite.org.uk Certified Passivhaus projects database Retrofit for the Future refurb database
The Passivhaus Diaries www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk
Low Carbon Housing Learning Zone – www.leedsmet.ac.uk/teaching/vsite/low_carbon_housing/index.htm
Stream 1Who am I? What can I
be?
Entry Points
Construction Skills /
Training Programmes
Training for Employment Programmes
On-the-Job Learning /
Work Based Training
Specific Desired
Skills
Progression Routes
Stream 2Making it happen
Systems of Skills sets
Products and
technology Systems
setsBusiness / people
management
Project Manageme
nt
Stream 3What do I / we need
now?Design & Innovation
Leadership& Vision
Technical Knowledge
People systems
Change Management
Creating Self-managed teams
Collaboration / partnerships
Talents / aptitudes
Where / who am I
now?
Personal Vision and Practical Steps to Vision
Project development and delivery
Pathway 1: Personal and Business Development
Pathway 2: Practical, Professional and Technical Skills
Stream 1: Sustainable Construction, Modern Methods, 21st Century Construction Excellence
Energy Demand / Efficiency
Energy Supply / Local & Renewable
Products, systems,
technologies
Waste Minimisation & management
Considerate Constructors,
H&S
Healthy, non-toxic building
MMC and Construction Innovation
Standards, legislation,
compliance
Stream 2: Higher Levels
Business Manageme
nt
Professional, Technical
Project Manageme
nt
Accreditation Systems
Pathway 3: Ad Hoc Learning, Showcasing and Virtual Resources
Stream 1: Networks, Membership Organisations,
Publications
Stream 2: Seminars, Events, Exhibitions and
Conferences
Stream 3: Virtual Learning & ICT Resources Programme
Diagram 3: Green Building
Learning System Landmark
Skills Centres
Supply-Chain Clusters
Enterprise & Innovation
Hubs
Major Exemplar Projects
Demo Centres & Physical
Showcasing
Stream 3: Site and Practical Skills
On-site Training
Specialist Skills Centres
General Public and
Client Groups
Demo Pieces: Building FabricBuilding Fabric Demo Pieces: airtightness detail at wall, ceiling and floor junctions; triple glazed windows and doors, showing installation
detailing to avoid thermal bridging and achieve airtight junctions;
fixings and details to avoid cold-bridging; eco-refurbishment demonstrations:
external insulation systems / EWI; internal insulation systems;
Sustainable building products, modular sustainable construction systems, etc e.g. ModCell; Warmcell; Hemcrete; etc.Key Resource: Carbonlite Gold/Passivhaus details available as download from www.carbonlite.org.uk
Action Plan Phases
Phase 1 of the action plan: 2010/11 to 2012 Plan your Action: develop SB Skills & Training Plan
▪ Assess your skills gaps and needs▪ Put the essential foundations of skills and knowledge in
place in 2010-2011 e.g. Carbonlite Passivhaus Training Action your Plan ...
Phase 2: 2012 onwards Review company skills & knowledge Review training plan and learning system Continue to develop, extend and refine the
company skills plan from 2012 to 2015
What are your SB Skills needs?
Company needs around sustainable buildings?
What are your SB knowledge, skills and competence needs? Support? Training? Information? Case
studies? Etc, etc?
Mapping: SB Skills & Competence
Low Energy Building
Energy Systems
Materials & Products
Water Efficiency & SystemsWaste Minimisation & Materials Efficiency
Embodied / Wholelife Impacts & Costs
Other e.g. CSH
0
40
80
SB Skills & Competence
IndividualCompany
Exercise
Where are you now?
Where are you heading?
Where do you need / want to be? What’s your Vision for 2013 / 2015?
How do you get there? What are your practical first steps?
Train Your Sust Building Champions
Identify and Train Champions in your team:
Airtightness Champion Thermal Efficiency Champion Passivhaus Products Champion Water Efficiency Champion Energy Efficient Techs Champion Renewable Energy Champion Zero Waste / Waste Minimisation
Champion Biodiversity Champion
Learning from Exemplar Buildings
Use a range of exemplar buildings for: Examples of specific PH details, and how
to achieve them successfully: articles, case study materials, project work, etc.
Visits for knowledge / skills enrichment. Centre for Disability Studies, Rochford
College; WCR Passivhaus Office, Dover; Hadlow College, nr Tonbridge. Austria trip ... etc.
Green Gauge Conference
Delivering zero carbon through low energy homes
Learning the lessons from Milton Keynes and beyond
5 November 2010 | Milton Keynes£125 + VAT
Energy pioneers now: Fabric first - principles for low energy homes in 2010, Paul Smyth, Think50
Social housing pioneers: 14 Passivhaus units at Wimbish in Essex, John Lefever, Regional Head of Development, Hastoe Housing Association
Refurbishing the Netherfield Estate: Applying Passivhaus principles, David Saxby, 00 Architects
www.greengaugetrust.org
Free CPD Course & Company Assessments
Understanding Sustainable Building Skills & Training SusCon, Dartford – 2nd Nov Crawley Town Hall – 4th Nov Bricks & Bread, Aldershot – 9th Nov
SB Skills Assessment & Plan: 15 diagnostic company visits, including summary report
Questions?
Steve CharterDirector
SC2 Sustainability Consultancy
steve@sc2.org.ukwww.sc2.org.uk07990 778581
www.greengaugetrust.org
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