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asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Towards IPv6 Globalisation
IPv6 for 3GIPv6 for 3G
Gopinath Rao SinniahGopinath Rao Sinniah
Asian Institute of Medicine, Science Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST)and Technology (AIMST)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
2G 2.5G 3G4G ???
Digital mobile phoneFeatures :-Phone call- voice mail- smsSpeed : 10kbps
Best technology now widely availableFeatures :-Phone call/fax- voice mail- send & receive large email messages-Web browsing-Navigation / maps-News updates
Speed : 64 – 144 kbps
Evolution of SpectrumEvolution of Spectrum Combines a mobile phone, laptop and tvFeatures :-Phone call/fax- global roaming-High-speed web-Videoconferencing-TV streaming
Speed : 144 kbps – 2Mbps
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
3G Spectrum allocations3G Spectrum allocations
43-50 MHzOlder cordless
phones
76-88 MHz -88-108 MHz
FM radio
174-216 MHz470-608 MHz614-746 MHzBroadcast TV/
medical telemetry
1000-1600 MHzIncludes air traffic
control, aerospace,military, radar, GPSand other satellitecommunications.
1710-1855 MHzSpectrum targeted
for 3Gcommunications
2110-2150 MHzPotential “3rd
generation” (3G)cellular services
1850-1990 MHzBroadbandpersonal
communicationsservices
2290-2300 MHzGovernment
deep-space-to-Earth
communications
2500-2690 MHzPotential “3rd
generation” (3G)cellular services
2400-2483 MHzNewest cordless
“spread spectrum”phones; “Wi-Fi”
wireless networkingsystems
2345-2360 MHzNew digital
radio satelliteservices
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Satellite dish
118-137 MHzAviation use
(aircraftnavigation, etc.)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
3G System Capabilities …3G System Capabilities …
Interoperability and roamingInteroperability and roamingCommon billing / user profiles:Common billing / user profiles: Sharing of usage/rate information between Sharing of usage/rate information between
service providers service providers Standardized call detail recording Standardized call detail recording Standardized user profiles Standardized user profiles
Capability to determine geographic Capability to determine geographic position of mobiles and report it to both the position of mobiles and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal network and the mobile terminal
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Basic 3G ServicesBasic 3G Services
MultimediaMultimedia integration of music, video and voice such as integration of music, video and voice such as video-phones, video-on-demand and MMS video-phones, video-on-demand and MMS (already available)(already available)
Location-based servicesLocation-based services exp. Map guide to nearest destination exp. Map guide to nearest destination similar like GPS technologysimilar like GPS technology
M-commerceM-commerce e-commerce to mobile terminals, exp. Ordering e-commerce to mobile terminals, exp. Ordering goods, checking bank accountgoods, checking bank account
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
3G System Capabilities3G System Capabilities
WCDMA - WCDMA - Capability to support circuit and Capability to support circuit and packet data at high bit ratespacket data at high bit rates
0
500
1000
1500
2000
3G-WCDMA
kbits 144 384 2000
High Mobility (moving vehicle)
Pedestrian Fixed Location
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Examples of 3G applicationsExamples of 3G applications
Scenario 1Scenario 1 Ah!. It’s an old presentation…
Let me get the new presentation using my
3G phone. New presentation is sent by his colleague from the office. It is downloaded into his 3G terminal and transferred to his laptop
(wireless)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Scenario 2 – Scenario 2 – ShoppingShopping
A busy executive doing her grocery shopping hasn’t had time to queue at a teller machine, but cash is not needed. At the check-out, she uses her 3G terminal to pay for the groceries. It automatically debits her bank account, and gives her an updated balance on request.
Scenario 3 - Scenario 3 - TravellingTravelling
A young traveller has once again missed the train. Luckily, he has downloaded some of his favorite music from a web store. He's also got a pair of
stereo headphones to use with the communication device. Seeing that one of his friends is on-line, he
invites the friend to a peaceful game of chess.
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Preparing towards 3GPreparing towards 3G
Web must be compressedWeb must be compressed Wireless Markup Language (WML)Wireless Markup Language (WML) cHTMLcHTML
Video – compression (MPEG4)Video – compression (MPEG4)
Terminal handover managementTerminal handover management
IPv6 header eliminated in Voice (ROHC)IPv6 header eliminated in Voice (ROHC)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Why IPv6 ?Why IPv6 ?
Address space problemAddress space problem Projected 1 billion mobiles by 2005 Projected 1 billion mobiles by 2005
Not enough IPv4 addresses especially in AsiaNot enough IPv4 addresses especially in Asia
Exmp. In China, there are 8 million IPv4 address and Exmp. In China, there are 8 million IPv4 address and 50+ million handsets50+ million handsets
IPv6 addresses - 340 undecillion addressesIPv6 addresses - 340 undecillion addresses(340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456).(340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456). We can address the terminalsWe can address the terminals Eliminate the use of NATEliminate the use of NAT
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Why IPv6 ?Why IPv6 ?
Security built inSecurity built in IPv6 includes packet encryption and source IPv6 includes packet encryption and source
authentication (IPsec)authentication (IPsec) Extension header (AH & ESP)Extension header (AH & ESP)
AutoconfigurationAutoconfiguration Stateful (DHCP)Stateful (DHCP) StatelessStateless
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Why IPv6 ?Why IPv6 ?
Quality of Service (QoS) for real time Quality of Service (QoS) for real time servicesservices DiffServ and IntServ applicable for both IPv4 DiffServ and IntServ applicable for both IPv4
and IPv6and IPv6 20 bit flow label for QoS20 bit flow label for QoS
IP MobilityIP Mobility Part of IPv6 (MIP6)Part of IPv6 (MIP6)
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 status for cellular telephonyIPv6 status for cellular telephony
Has been mandated for 3GPPHas been mandated for 3GPPMWIF recommendation for IPv6MWIF recommendation for IPv6IETF design team designated for IETF design team designated for fast/smooth/seamless handoverfast/smooth/seamless handoverSmooth evolusion from GPRSSmooth evolusion from GPRSROHC WG considering header ROHC WG considering header compressioncompressionMobile IPv6 should be mandated after Mobile IPv6 should be mandated after Proposed StandardProposed Standard
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv4 to IPv6 transition in 3GPPIPv4 to IPv6 transition in 3GPP
Dual Stack UE connecting to IPv4 Dual Stack UE connecting to IPv4 and IPv6 nodesand IPv6 nodes
IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv6 IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv6 node through an IPv4 networknode through an IPv4 network
Dual IPv4 / IPv6 stack
Tunneling
Translator
IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv4 IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv4 node through an IPv6 networknode through an IPv6 network
IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv4 IPv6 UE connecting to an IPv4 nodenode
IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv6 IPv4 UE connecting to an IPv6 nodenode
GPRS ScenarioGPRS Scenario
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Dual IPv4/IPv6 StackDual IPv4/IPv6 Stack
Dual Stackv4/v6 host
RBSGGSN
IPv4Network
IPv6Network
IPv6host
Dual stackRouter
IPv4host
IPv4 / IPv6 PDPContext
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
TunnelingTunneling
RBSGGSN
IPv6Network
IPv4Network IPv4
Network
IPv4host
IPv4host
v4/v6RoutersIPv4 PDP
Context
Tunneling
RBSGGSN
IPv4Network
IPv6Network IPv6
Network
IPv6host
IPv6host
v6/v4Routers
IPv6 PDPContext
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
ImplementationImplementation
External services (IPv6)
Operator services/ intanet(IPv6)
GGSN
GGSN
GPRS Core
AP1IPv6
AP2IPv6
AP3IPv4
backbone (IPv4)
Backbone (IPv6
SGSN
SGSNIPv4 Network
Native IPv4 host
MT in IPv6mode
IPv6 PDPcontext
IPv4 PDPcontext
Edge Router
Dual stack host
Dual StackRouter
MT in IPv4mode
Dual stackmobile
terminals
IPv6/IPv4gateway
6to4 tunnel
6in4 tunnel
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
PDP contexts to IPv6 linksPDP contexts to IPv6 links
MT(Handset)
GGSN
GGSNLink 1
PDP Context A
Link 2
PDP Context C
PDP Context B
Link 3PDP Context D
Link 4PDP Context E
PPP
TE(Laptop)
ISP X
ISP Z
ISP Y
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 and 3GIPv6 and 3G
Methods to obtain IPv6 addressMethods to obtain IPv6 address StaticStatic DynamicDynamic
StatelessStatelessStateful – using DHCPv6Stateful – using DHCPv6
3G UE has no unique identifier like 3G UE has no unique identifier like Ethernet nodesEthernet nodesStateless configuration is different in 3G Stateless configuration is different in 3G It is based on PPPv6 configurationIt is based on PPPv6 configuration
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Static IPv6 address allocationStatic IPv6 address allocation
GPRS Core NetworkMT SGSN GGSN
1Activate PDP Message(PDP type=IPv6, PDP address =IPv6 address)
2Create PDP message
3Create PDP Context Response4Activate PDP Context
accept Message
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Stateless Address AutoconfigurationStateless Address Autoconfiguration
MT BSS / UTRAN SGSN GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request (PDP type = IPv6, PDP Address = empty, …)
2. Create PDP Context request
3. Create PDP context response (PDP address = link local address, ..)
4. Activate PDP context accept
MT extracts Interface-ID from the link local address
5. Router Solicitation
6. Router Advertisement (M flag = 0, Network Prefix…)
7. Neighbor Solicitation
8. GGSN initiated PDP context modification procedure
GGSN configured to advertise only
one network prefix
Neighbor solicitation message shall be discarded by the
GGSN except if part of the neighbor unreachability
detectionGGSN updates the SGSN and MT
with the full IPv6 address
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Recommendation from IPv6 WG to 3GPPRecommendation from IPv6 WG to 3GPP
Specify that multiple prefixes may be Specify that multiple prefixes may be assigned to each primary contextassigned to each primary context
Each prefixes must not be assigned to Each prefixes must not be assigned to more than one primary PDP contextmore than one primary PDP context
Allow 3GPP nodes to use multiple Allow 3GPP nodes to use multiple identifiers within those prefixes, including identifiers within those prefixes, including randomly generated identifiersrandomly generated identifiers
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Quality of Service in 3GQuality of Service in 3G
What is QoS ? What is QoS ? A video phone application requires:A video phone application requires:
The application is compatible with that used by the The application is compatible with that used by the phoned partyphoned partyThe cost is not prohibitiveThe cost is not prohibitiveThere is a network path available to the other partyThere is a network path available to the other partyThe user knows the IP address of the terminal the other The user knows the IP address of the terminal the other useruserThe end terminals can reassemble the data packets into The end terminals can reassemble the data packets into a sensible ordera sensible orderThe end terminals understand how to handle errors in The end terminals understand how to handle errors in packetspacketsThe packets arrived at the minimum length of timeThe packets arrived at the minimum length of time
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
QoS Management during handoverQoS Management during handover
Reservations here are notneeded after handover
Handover to new wireless accessrouter. Data reaches the node, but
QoS reservation is lost
No reservation exists at thisnode
Reservation at this node isdirected towards the wrong
port
Data packets
Illustration of how handover can affect reservation based QoS
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Use of context transfer protocol
Incoming data packets
Signalling information is passedfrom old to new access router
This allows the new access router totransmit incoming IP packets over thewireless network in a QoS controlled
manner
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated ServicesIPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated Services
DiffServ defines 3 classesDiffServ defines 3 classes Expedited forwarding (EF)Expedited forwarding (EF) Assured Forwarding (AF)Assured Forwarding (AF) Best Effort (BE)Best Effort (BE)
Difference between wireless QoS and LAN Difference between wireless QoS and LAN QoS QoS Performance condition in wireless changes Performance condition in wireless changes
drastically when terminal is movingdrastically when terminal is moving
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
IPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated ServicesIPv6 QoS for 3G – Differentiated Services
2 level of management2 level of management Intracell management – managed by Access Intracell management – managed by Access
router router Intercell management – managed by Edge Intercell management – managed by Edge
routerrouter
QoS signaling can be encoded part of QoS signaling can be encoded part of IPv6 flow label field but restricted to local IPv6 flow label field but restricted to local access networkaccess networkICMPv6 as second method of signaling ICMPv6 as second method of signaling commandcommand
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Towards 4G (2007 ~ 2010)Towards 4G (2007 ~ 2010)
High speed internet access (100Mbps)High speed internet access (100Mbps)Rich content transmissionRich content transmission
Research Into….. Research Into….. Electromagnetic compatibilityElectromagnetic compatibilityHigh-temperature superconductorsHigh-temperature superconductorsUltra-low-noise technologiesUltra-low-noise technologies
NTT DoCoMo
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
Summary and ConclusionSummary and Conclusion
Future Internet is largely wireless / mobileFuture Internet is largely wireless / mobileIPv6 addressability needed for billions of IPv6 addressability needed for billions of wireless deviceswireless devicesMobile IPv6 is better and more efficient Mobile IPv6 is better and more efficient than Mobile IPv4than Mobile IPv4Autoconfiguration is suitable for the mobile Autoconfiguration is suitable for the mobile InternetInternetSecurity is the key component for successSecurity is the key component for successSeamless handoverSeamless handover
asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)asian institute of medicine, science and technology (aimst)
ResourcesResources
3rd Generation Partnership Project 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) ((3GPP) (http://www.3gpp.orghttp://www.3gpp.org))http://www.3g-generation.comhttp://www.3g-generation.com3G Newsroom (3G Newsroom (http://www.3gnewsroom.comhttp://www.3gnewsroom.com))Nokia (Nokia (http://www.nokia.com/ipv6http://www.nokia.com/ipv6))Ericsson (Ericsson (http://www.ericsson.comhttp://www.ericsson.com))RFC 3314 – Recommendation for IPv6 in RFC 3314 – Recommendation for IPv6 in 3GPP standards3GPP standards
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