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Outsmart your own biases
How to outsmart our limiting brain patterns to create a better future
KEYNOTE Valerie Arnold
OUTSMART YOUR OWN BIASESHow to outsmart our limiting brain patterns to create a better future
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
HONESTLY?
HAVE YOU EVER DISREGARDED
EVIDENCE THAT WENT AGAINST YOUR VIEWPOINT?
CONFIRMATION BIAS
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
Confirmation bias or Desire to confirm our opinions: once we form an opinion, we typically seek out information that supports it. And we ignore facts that challenge it.
GOOD INTENTIONS ARE NOT ENOUGH
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
COGNITIVE BIASES
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
Cognitive biases:Preconceived notions, such as overconfidence in our opinions, which can result in unwise decisions
WHAT DO YOU SEE?
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
How many of you see a black square in this picture?
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AT PLAY
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
Prior knowledge
PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AT PLAY
New knowledge
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
HOW IT IMPACTS CONSULTATION
Reliance on familiar experiences and past successes: we tend to base our decisions on events and information that we’re familiar with and that have positive associations for us.
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
WHAT DO YOU SEE, NOW?
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
Cognitive dissonance: the human need to possess an accurate view of things, aka to be right!
Human beings need to feel consistent (aligned thoughts, feelings and behaviours).We resolve the inconsistency either by changing our behaviour or, more often, bydistorting reality and changing what we tell ourselves about the situation (thoughts and beliefs).
COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS, OR BIASES
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
Cognitive distortions: psychological strategies that we use to distort reality, and thus protect our self-esteem from information that would hurt us.
Confirmation biasReliance on past experience
Loss aversion
Overconfidence in our opinions
Egocentrism
Emotional attachment
Overgeneralization
Groupthink
Aggressive advocacy
Excessive optimism
Anchoring
Insufficient adjustment
Sunk-cost fallacyControllability bias
Status quo bias
Present bias
GROUPTHINK & AGGRESSIVE ADVOCACY
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
Groupthink: when participant’s desire for agreement and maintaining relationships overrides their motivation to evaluate alternative options.
Aggressive advocacy: when group members champion their personal views rather than considering the needs of the group.
GROUPTHINK: 2 RELATED BIASES
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
Escalation of commitment: we invest additional resources in an apparently losing proposition / projects because of the effort, money, and time already invested.
Loss aversion: we feel losses more acutely than gains of the same amount, which makes us more (or less) risk-adverse than a rational calculation would recommend.
KNOWLEDGE: GAINING (SELF-)AWARENESS
Raising our self-awareness, through research, honest self-reflection, mentoring, etc..
We are not perfect, and it’s ok!
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
Being aware of our self-limiting beliefs, and consciously deciding to replace them by beliefs and behaviours which are resource
Gaining confidence in our abilities and judgement, even within highly uncertain VUCA environments
(Self-)awareness
Choice
Self-confidence
TRIPLE LOOP LEARNING TO CHALLENGE BIASES
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2014
Some tools:• Ask yourself: What would you do if you were certain you couldn’t fail?• Not “why do we want to hold a consultation?” but “what for?”• Challenge given truths by removing vital components: what would be a ski vacation without skis?• Do things differently: hold consultation meeting in an informal place, read authors you’d never considered
due to being “off topic”, include people you know are opponents, etc.• Seek information that contradicts your point of view
ON TO MEANINGFUL CONVERSATIONS
How do we stop trying to push round pegs into square holes, and detach from our personal opinion
to create a better future?..
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
VALÉRIE ARNOLD
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
Entrepreneur Leadership Educator Executive Master Coach
INSPIRIT
©VALERIE ARNOLD 2016
Website: www.inspirit.eu.comEmail: valerie.arnold@inspirit.eu.com Valerie Arnold
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