Dr. Mike Brumm - Impact of heavy swine market weights on facility and equipment needs

Marketing and Transportation

1:30 Growth and development

implications at heavier weights - Dr.

John Patience

2:00 Impact of heavy market weights on

facility and equipment needs - Dr. Mike

Brumm

3:00 Market transportation implications

- Dr. John McGlone

Impact of Heavy Market Weights

on Facilities and Equipment

Dr Mike Brumm

Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc

North Mankato, MN

mbrumm@hickorytech.net

IA-SMN Liveweight at Slaughter

250

255

260

265

270

275

280

Lb

Week

2010 2011 2007-2011 2012

Kg

122.7

118.2

125.0

120.5

USDA Federally Inspected

Barrow and Gilt carcass wt, lb

(1988-2011)y = 1.397x + 170.5

R² = 0.979

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

Lb

Year

Kg

At this pace, in 2022 live weights

will average 290 lb (132 kg) based on 75% yield

68.2

77.3

90.9

86.4

95.5

81.8

72.7

100

US + Canada Kept for Mkt per

Breeding Animal

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

Facility options

Tunnel vs curtain ventilation

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

22 44 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220

Btu

/hr

Pig Wt, lb

Prior to 1988 1988-2002 Brumm estimate of 2012 genetics

Trans ASAE 47(1):259-270

Sensible Plus Latent Heat

Production by Growing Pigs

Change is a constant

Brown-Brandl, et al, 2004

W * 3.412 = btu/hr

As pigs produce more heat

Upper critical temperatures are lower

than most think

◦ Summer heat relief will become even

more important

◦ Ventilation systems move thru stages

faster

What about lower critical temperature?

◦ What is the correct set point?

Facility Options

Full vs Partial slats

◦ Only Smithfield is routinely using partial

slats

◦ ‘Never again’

Big vs small pen

◦ Big pens typically 100-150 pigs/pen

◦ Small pens typically 25-33 pigs/pen

What about pen size?

What about pen size?

Fewer but longer fights in

large pens

Pig loading is easier from

large pens

No difference

◦ Variation in gain

◦ Feed:Gain

◦ ADG or ADF after 80 lb

Slight decrease

◦ Late nursery and early

grower

ADG (0.001 lb/d/pig nursery

and grower)

ADF (0.001 lb/d/pig late

nursery)

People issue

◦ Spotting and treating

individual pigs

Lameness?

Nielsen et al, 2002 IPVS – increased

with heavier wts

Street and Gonyou, 2008 JAS –

increased with 108 vs 18 pigs/pen

Expressing space as a function of

Bodyweight

Allometric equation for floor space allowance

Area = k * BW2/3

k = Area / BW2/3

Courtesy Dr. Harold Gonyou, Prairie Swine Centre

84%

88%

92%

96%

100%

104%

0.020 0.022 0.024 0.026 0.028 0.030 0.032 0.034 0.036 0.038 0.040 0.042 0.044 0.046 0.048 0.050

AD

G %

of

Co

ntr

ol

'k'

ADG Response to 'k' full slats constant group size - metric

0.03360.0340

Gonyou et al, 2006

0.0336

Gonyou et al, 2006

0.0358

Gonyou et al, 2006

Critical Space (full slats) at ‘k’=

kg m2/pig lb ft2/pig

100 0.725 220 7.83

109.1 0.768 240 8.29

120.5 0.821 265 8.89

127 0.860 280 9.28

134 0.892 295 9.61

0.21450.0336

123 kg, 0.58 m2

k = 0.024

270 lb, 6.3 ft2

k = 0.153

270 lb, 8.0 ft2

k = 0.030

123 kg, 0.74 m2

k = 0.191

102 kg 0.76 m2/pig 225 lb 8.2 ft2/pig

k = 0.035 k = 0.223

For each 3% change in space,

daily gain and daily feed intake

change 1.0%

for full slats.

There is no predictable impact

of space allocation on

feed/gain.

Impact of Space on ADGFull slats

Wt

Lb (kg)

Adequate

ft2 (m2)

@ 7.2 (0.67)

ft2 (m2)

Reduction in ADG

50 (22.7) 2.9 (0.27)

225 (102.3) 8.0 (0.74) 3.3%

250 (113.6) 8.5 (0.79) 5.0%

275 (125.0) 9.2 (0.85) 7.2%

300 (136.4) 9.7 (0.90) 8.6%

For each 3% change in

space, daily gain and daily feed

intake change 1.5% for partial

slats.

There is no predictable impact

of space allocation on

feed/gain.

How much feed goes thru a

feeder per year? $225/t 2.6 turns/yr 230 lb gain/pig (55 in wt; 285 out wt)

33 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (50’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 55.3 t $12,432@ 2.77 f/g 54.7 t $12,299

26 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (40’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 43.5 t $9,795@ 2.77 f/g 43.1 t $9,690

$133/yr

$105/yr

How much feed goes thru a

feeder per year? $325/t 2.6 turns/yr 230 lb gain/pig (55 in wt; 285 out wt)

33 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (50’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 55.3 t $17,958@ 2.77 f/g 54.7 t $17,766

26 pigs/pen and 2 pens/feeder (40’ wide)@ 2.80 f/g 43.5 t $14,149@ 2.77 f/g 43.1 t $13,997

$192/yr

$152/yr

2007 pig eating from 1995 feeder

Feeder Types Common to US

Wean-Finish

Dry

Wet/Dry

Tube Feeders

My best guess – 0.02-0.04 worse

f/g than dry or wean-finish

Pig Shoulder Width

Petherick, 1983 Width = 0.064 x BW0.33

Wt, kg Width,

mm

X 1.1 Wt, lb Width, in X 1.1

20 170 187 44 6.8 7.5

40 220 242 88 8.5 9.3

60 250 275 132 9.7 10.7

80 275 302 176 10.7 11.8

100 290 319 220 11.5 12.7

125 315 346 275 12.4 13.6

136 324 356 300 12.8 14.0

Critical Feeder Dimensions Gonyou and Lou (90 kg pigs; 1997)

◦ Depth 8-12 inches (10 inches/254

mm?)

◦ Lip Height 4-5 inches (100-125 mm)

◦ Width ?

Shoulder x 1.1

Sell to Cargill, Triumph or Tyson

Getting Feeder Dimensions

Right

10 in (254 mm)

5 in (127 mm)15 in (380 mm)

6+ in (155 mm)

Do you know your feeder

dimensions?

305 mm

178 mm

215 mm

March, 2011

102 mm 240 mm

April, 2011250 mm

New Feeders aren’t perfect

4 ‘hole’ 50” (1270 mm) feeder = 12.5”/hole

5 ‘hole’ 60” (1525 mm) feeder = 12”/hole

6 ‘hole’ 70” (1780 mm) feeder = 11.7”/hole

Grow-Finish Feeders – Meal

diets◦ Recommended Stocking Densities Quality Dry Feeder 8-10 pigs/space

1.7”-2”/pig minimum

43-51 mm/pig

15”/1.7” = 8.8 pigs/space

380 mm/43mm = 8.8 pigs/space

Wet/dry >12 pigs/space

Tube ?PIC Recommendations –

11 pigs/side/drop

2”/pig trough length/pig

51 mm/pig

◦ Pellets vs meal - pigs eat faster on pellets

A conclusion is the place where

you got tired of thinking.

-- Steven Wright

Impact of Heavy Market Weights

on Facilities and Equipment

Dr Mike Brumm

Brumm Swine Consultancy, Inc

North Mankato, MN

mbrumm@hickorytech.net

Blog: Mnpork.com