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Urban Power USA
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Next Genera*on Ver*cal Axis “Drag” Style Wind Turbines
Getting it Right! Proper Siting of Wind Turbines &
Selection of the Right Wind Turbine Technology Presenta(on by: Daniel Cook, Vice President Urban Power USA
3rd MA Sustainability Communities Conference 2nd MA Sustainability Campuses Conference
Massachuse>s Renewable Energy Goals 198 48
Massachuse>s Wind Energy Profile
Next Generation Vertical Axis Drag Style Wind Energy Opportunities
Small Wind Systems Small-‐scale wind power systems have the capacity to produce up to 100 kW of electrical power
Darrieus VAWT Next Generation Drag Style VAWT
Tradi(onal “LiI” Style Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines
High Efficiency Require Laminar Flow (smooth) Wind Work well in wind speeds between 18-‐35 mph Generates torque from high rotor speeds Generator located on turbine Lots of moving parts Require taller tower to eliminate turbulent air
Feather or shut down when winds above 35 mph
Tradi(onal “LiI” Style Ver(cal Axis Wind Turbines
High Efficiency Require Laminar Flow (smooth) Wind Work well in wind speeds between 18–35 mph Generator repairs require turbine disassembly Generates torque from high rotor speed Shut down when wind speed greater than 35 mph Require taller tower to eliminate turbulent air Generally Don’t operate at low wind speeds
“LiI” Style Wind Turbine
Wind turbine blade requires smooth laminar flow wind to create lift for the turbine to spin effectively and fast.
Lift type wind turbines don’t become efficient until the wind is approximately 18 mph
Savonius Ver(cal Axis Drag Style Wind Turbine
Because of the curvature, the scoops experience less drag when moving against the wind than when moving with the wind. The differential drag causes the Savonius turbine to spin.
There is resistance on the back side of the scoop resulting in lower efficiencies than traditional wind turbines.
Resistance
Impulse Force
Next Genera*on Ver(cal Axis “Drag” Style
Wind Turbines
Significant increase in electrical production Massachusetts Manufacturer Work in turbulent wind and laminar flow wind
Work on Flat roof tops
Requires ≥30% larger sweep area
Next Genera*on Ver(cal Axis “Drag” Style
Wind Turbines Use wind loading like a sail to create force Produces torque by spinning a large mass slowly Produce more electricity at lower wind speeds 6-‐18 mph, less at 18-‐35 mph and more at high wind speeds > 35 mph
Work in turbulent wind Don’t require tall towers Can be Roof Mounted Few moving parts Bird & bat friendly
Urban Power Unique Patented
Wind Turbine Design
5.0 KW Wind Turbine
Tower Installa(on
Urban Power 5.0 KW Wind Turbines
Urban Power 5.0 KW Wind Turbines
5.0 KW Wind Turbine
Capacity Factor The ra*o of an energy produc*on system’s actual
output over *me to it poten*al output
Solar PV: 13% - 15% Wind: 20% - 40%
Note: Wind produces approximately 2X more electricity than Solar PV per KW when properly sited and equipment properly selected
Small Wind Turbines: Site Tes(ng
Wind Speed & Air Flow
Anemometer Testing Laminar Flow (smooth) Wind Turbulent Wind (caused by buildings, trees and
other nearby obstructions)
Small Wind Turbines: Site Selec(on
“lift” style wind turbines should be 2X the height of obstructions & 20X the distance from obstructions
Examples of Turbulent Wind
Small Wind Turbines: Product Selec(on
Does the wind turbine work in turbulent wind? (are their buildings trees or other obstructions nearby?)
Does wind turbine require smooth laminar flow wind away from any obstructions?
Are predominant winds between 18 - 35 mph? Are predominant winds below 18 mph and/or
above 35 mph?
Small Wind Turbines: Performance
Important that wind manufacturers and wind developers apply their wind turbines to the optimal wind location (wind speed & wind type – laminar and/or turbulent wind) to ensure optimal capacity factor/performance so customer expectations are met.
Lift type wind turbines should NOT be placed in turbulent wind locations such as on or near buildings, near trees and other obstructions that can cause turbulence.
Wind Energy Assessments Consulting a wind map, obtaining previously measured data Taking your own measurements with anemometer Hire consultant to test wind speed 1 year of data, or Use 1-‐ 2 months anemometer data to do correlation study
Small Wind Turbines: Monitoring
Wind turbines should be monitored in real time, and record daily, weekly, monthly, annual and historic wind energy production relative to actual wind speeds.
Small Wind Turbines: Tradi(onal Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
are properly applied in Laminar Flow Winds only!!! Op*mum performance between 18 mph – 42 mph
Small Wind Turbines: Poor Applica(ons
“Lift” Style Horizontal &
Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in the
Turbulent Urban Environment of
Boston (5 wind turbines with combined 15.6 KW
capacity = 15,583 kWhs in 3 years 7 months)
15.6KW - 15,583 kWhs in 43 mos – ave. 362 kWhs /mo
Small Wind Turbines: Turbulent Wind Properly Applied Next Generation
“Drag” Style Wind Turbines in a
Turbulent Environment (1.8 KW capacity = 3,433
kWhs in 8 month – Easthampton, MA wind speed less than Boston)
18,452 kWh in 3 years 7 months
Small Wind Turbines: Summary Get it Right!
Site the Right Wind Energy Technology in the Right Wind Location
Lift Style Horizontal & Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in Laminar Flow Wind only with speeds between 18 mph – ±42 mph
Traditional Vertical Axis Drag Style Wind Turbines in Turbulent and/or Laminar Flow Wind ±8 mph – 42 mph
Next Generation Vertical Axis Drag Style Wind Turbines in Turbulent and/or Laminar Flow Wind ±8 mph – ±70 mph ���
Ques(ons
Thank You Dan Cook, Vice President
www.urbanpowerusa.com 978-‐266-‐1900
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