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LEARNING OBJECTIVESIn this lecture you will learn about:
Computer Data Processing Applications of Computers Importance of Computers Limitations of Computers Parts of Computer System
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 4CIT 1101 (ZH)
COMPUTERA Computer is an electronic data
processing machine that stores, retrieves and processes data. Finally generate meaningful information with speed and accuracy.
Computer is an electronic device that process data according to a set of stored instructions.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 6CIT 1101 (ZH)
DATA / INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE
Fig. Data Processing Cycle
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 7
Processes(Data Processing)
Input(Data)
Output(Information)
Storage
CIT 1101 (ZH)
Numbers
Images
Sound
Video
Input Process Output12 + 8 = 20 000001100
000001000---------------000010100 20
001000000000000000001000000000000010010110000011000011011011111111111100111111111111111110111111111111111100011111
000001000 000001001 000010100 …
volume Time
0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011
8 9 0 5 …
0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011
0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011
0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011
0010101011111010101010010101010101111010001100101011011
Text This is a test 84 104 73 115 … This is a test
DATA
Data is the raw materials from which information is generated.
Data consists of raw facts, numbers, letters, or symbols that the computer processed into meaningful information.
Data has no specific meaning.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 9CIT 1101 (ZH)
DATA PROCESSING
It’s a process that converts the data into information.
A general term that stands for all logical, arithmetic, and input/output operations that can be performed on data by a computer.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 10CIT 1101 (ZH)
INFORMATION Information refers to an organized ,
meaningful, & useful interpretation of data
Information is the result of processing, manipulating and organizing data in a way that adds to the knowledge of the receiver.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 11CIT 1101 (ZH)
DATA VS. INFORMATION
1200 100 7
9154
WestCharles Mann
79154 TM Shoes
Monthly Sales Report for West Region
Sales Rep: Charles MannEmp No. 79154
Item Qty Sold PriceTM Shoes 1200 $100
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 CIT 1101 (ZH) 12
STORAGE Data and information are stored/ maintained
for future use. Any type of information - words, figures, still
or moving images, sound or music - can be stored into storage devices (e.g. HDD, CD, DVD) and that can be used at any time.
Hard Disk Drive
CD / DVD DriveFlash Drive
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 CIT 1101 (ZH) 13
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
CPU
Memory
Input Output
Storage
Figure: Block diagram of a Computer System.
Process
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 14CIT 1101 (ZH)
APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER Data processing and Data storing In Banking system : On line banking Internet & Webpage :Information super highway E mail E commerce and M commerce Airways and Railways Ticket Reservations Medical science In Education Multimedia system Production system Communication: Mobile communication Publishing (Books, Newspaper) Offices Data Analysis, Data Base Management Job searching / CV sending And More…
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 15CIT 1101 (ZH)
IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS High Speed: Computer can perform data
processing jobs very fast, usually measured in microseconds (10-6), nanoseconds (10-9) and picoseconds (10-
12) Automatic Operation: Computers are
automatic in operation. Once data and program are fed to a computer, operation of the computer is automatic.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 16CIT 1101 (ZH)
IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS (CONT…)
Accuracy: Accuracy of a computer is consistently high and degree of its accuracy depends upon its design. Computer errors causes due to incorrect input
data or unreliable programs. The system or process of showing the faulty
results of a computer is called Garbage-In-Garbage-Out (GIGO)
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 17CIT 1101 (ZH)
IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS (CONT…)
Diligence: Computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration. It can continuously work for hours without creating any error and without grumbling
Versatility: Computer is capable of performing almost any task, if the task can be reduced to a finite series of logical stepsTuesday, May 2, 2023 18CIT 1101 (ZH)
IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS (CONT…)
Power of Remembering: Computer can store and recall any amount of information because of its secondary storage capability. It forgets or looses certain information only when it is asked to do so
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 19CIT 1101 (ZH)
IMPORTANCE OF COMPUTERS (CONT…)
Common data: One item of data can be used for different computer operation.
Complexity: Computers perform complex calculations. A computer provides the required answers after running the program for complex calculations.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 20CIT 1101 (ZH)
LIMITATIONS OF COMPUTER
Computer cannot think (no I.Q).
Computer can not do anything without human instructions.
Computers can not make any adjustment as human being can do (no feelings).
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 21CIT 1101 (ZH)
COMPARISON BETWEEN HUMAN & COMPUTER
Creativity,Judgment,
Intuition
Speed,Accuracy, Attention to Details,No I.Q,No feelings
Power of Remembering, Processing Capability,Versatility / Adaptability
Computer Human
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 22CIT 1101 (ZH)
COMPUTER SYSTEM Systems: A system is a collection of
elements or components that are organized for a common purpose.
A computer system consists of hardware components that have been carefully chosen so that they work well together and software components or programs that run in the computer.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 23CIT 1101 (ZH)
PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
Hardware Software Users Data / Information ProceduresCommunication (optional)
A computer system is made up of six parts:
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 24CIT 1101 (ZH)
HARDWARE
The physical devices that make up the computer are called Hardware.
The generic term device refers to any piece of hardware.
Examples: CPU, memory, disks, CD-ROM drives, printer, monitor etc.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 25CIT 1101 (ZH)
INSIDE THE SYSTEM UNIT(SU)
GraphicsOnboard and external
Power supply
Processor—under the fan and heat sink
Keyboard, video, and other connectors
Disk drives
RAM
Expansion slots
Motherboard
IDE
SATA
SOFTWAREStep by step instructions that tells
the hardware how to perform a task.The term program refers to any
piece of software.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 28
System Software• Operating system – Win XP, Win 7, Win 10, LINUX• Utility program – Antivirus, Partition magic, Screen
SaverApplication Software• Web browser, Word processors, Adobe Photoshop,
Games etc.
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USERS People are the Computer operators, also
known as users or Humanware.The user is a person perhaps like
yourself – someone without much technical knowledge of computers but who uses computers to perform professional or personal tasks, enhance learning, or have fun.
No computer is totally autonomous.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 29CIT 1101 (ZH)
DATA / INFORMATION:Data is the raw materials from which
information is generated. information is summarized data or
otherwise manipulated (processed) data.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 30CIT 1101 (ZH)
PROCEDURES:Procedures are descriptions of how
things are done, steps for accomplishing a result.
Procedures for computer systems appear in documentation manuals, which contain instructions, rules and guidelines to follow when using hardware and software.
Tuesday, May 2, 2023 31CIT 1101 (ZH)
COMMUNICATION:
When one computer system is set up to share data and information electronically with another computer system, communications becomes a sixth system element.
Examples: phone lines, microwave transmission, satellite transmission, etc.Tuesday, May 2, 2023 32CIT 1101 (ZH)
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