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SSL in General Lighting - Energy and Legislative Updates
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Energy and Legislative issues pertaining to Solid State Lighting
Sameer SodhiGeneral Manager, LED Systems
Presentation Overview
OSRAM SYLVANIA Introduction
LED’s versus incumbent technologies
Energy savings potential of SSL
Legislative updates relevant to SSL
OSRAM SYLVANIA’s vision for LED lighting
OSRAM SYLVANIA is committed to develop and promote environmentally friendly and energy efficient lighting systems.
LED systems for general and specialty lighting and automotive headlamps reflect our current focus on commercializing this technology.
We believe in using lighting technology to offer products that are useful, create new applications and are fun to use
“We make better light for better living”
LED value chain:Bridging the gap between discrete devices and system solutions
Board Heatsink
Optics Driver LightSource
Power+Control
Fixture
OEM’s
Chip Package
OSRAM SYLVANIA
Key advantages of LED’s for general illumination
• Long life (50K hrs)
• Directional light source
• Small size
• Flexible light source/unique looks/trendy
• Color tunability of white light
• Colored lighting
• Energy efficiency/savings
• Maintenance cost savings
• Low voltage/safety
• Rugged
Lighting Technology Comparison:Lamp LPW vs. technology
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
LPW
Linear FL
Induction FL
HID HPSodium
CFL
HID Metal Halide
LED System
Incandescent
The above graph represents lamp level efficacies. Looking at things from a luminaire efficacy perspective or an application efficacy perspective yields different results
Mercury vapor lamps
1904
1950//
100
50
Light source efficacy
( Lumen/Watt)
CFL
1981
Incandescent1879
Halogen1959
Light Source Efficacy over Time Comparison
Year of invention
Fluorescent
1938
Metal halide lamps
1961
WhitePower LED
2000
1996
2002
2006
2008
2012
LED Device Efficacy Roadmap Instant-on, 350mA
Max. Device Efficacy228lm/W, 6500K, 75CRI Max. Device Efficacy
162lm/W, 3000K, 90CRI
Source: Multi-Year program plan, SSL R&D, US D.O.E, prepared by Navigant consulting, March 2008
LED Device Cost Roadmap
Source: Multi-Year program plan, SSL R&D, US D.O.E, prepared by Navigant consulting, March 2008
Breakdown of lighting energy consumption 2001 (US)
Quad = quadrillion British thermal units. 10,768 BTU = 1kWh
Approximate energy consumption for lighting in 2007 could be as high as 8.8 Quads or 821 TWhr/yr
22 % of all electrical energy consumption in the US is for lighting (Approx. 765 Twh or 8.2 Quads used for lighting in 2001)
Lighting Energy Consumption by Sector, 2001
58 TWh/yr
108 TWh/yr
208 TWh/yr
391 TWh/yr
Energy consumption by lighting technologies, 2001
HID14%
Fluorescent42%
Incandescent44%
321 TWh/yr
313 TWh/yr
130 TWh/yr
Total consumption 765 TWh/yr
Annual electricity consumption estimates by niche sectors
Application Annual Electricity Consumption
(TWh)
2007 LED Market
Penetration
2007 Electricity Savings realized
(TWh)
Potential Maximum Electricity Savings
(TWh)
Colored Lighting
Traffic Signals 2.38 52% 2.82 4.85
Decorative holiday lights 6.63 5.2% 0.33 6.3
Exit signs 2.5 88% 4.56 5.18
Electric signage 11.6 6.1% 0.95 7.53
Indoor White-Light Applications
Recessed downlights 103.1 81.2
Refrigerated display cases 13.4 3.6% 0.08 2.1
Retail display 32 7.9
Task lighting 18.8 13
Kitchen under-cabinet lighting 2.84 2.2
Office undershelf lighting 3.43 1.4
Outdoor White-Light Applications
Street and area lights 178.3 44.7
Step, Path, and Porch lights 22 12.6
Total 397 TWh 8.7 TWh 189 TWh
Source: Energy savings estimates of light emitting diodes in niche lighting applications, US D.O.E, prepared by Navigant Consulting, Sep 2008
Energy savings potential of SSL
The 12 niche segments represent approximately 67% of all lighting electrical energy consumption annually
Current total electrical energy savings from LED penetration is approximately 1%, primarily from Exit signs and Traffic signals
The maximum potential lighting electrical energy savings from fully converting to LEDs in these niche segments would be approximately 23% (189 TWh out of 821 TWh)
» This would be equivalent to avoiding approximately 23 coal power plants (1000 MW stations)
» Alternatively, enough electricity would be saved to power approximately 15 million homes
Current energy savings estimates from LEDs is based on luminaire efficacies of 22.5 lm/W to 60.9 lm/W – as efficacies improve the savings could be even higher
As other segments adopt LEDs the total potential for energy savings would increase further
The above analysis was only for the US market – global impact would be significantly higher
Vertical door freezer case application example
Linear Fluorescent (58W lamp) LED
Light exiting fixture (after losses at 20º F)
1400 lm 1100 lm
CCT 4100K 4100K
Typical input power (with ballast/power supply)
55W 22W
Typ efficacy (LED PS 85%) 25 LPW 50 LPW
LED luminaires can deliver significant energy savings while maintaining acceptable light levels!
100% improvement in efficacy.
Significant savings in energy
Vertical door freezer case application examples
Recessed downlight application example
CFL (32W lamp) LED
Lightsource Lumens 2400 lm 1470 lm
Light exiting fixture (after losses)
1134 lm 1134 lm
CCT 3500K 3500K
Typical input power (with ballast/power supply)
35W 26W
Typ efficacy (LED PS 85%) 32.4 LPW 43.6 LPW
LED luminaires can meet and exceed CFL luminaire efficacy!
34.5% improvement in efficacy
Image placeholder
DLM700
700 lumens
CRI: 80
65° beam angle
CCT: 3500K and 2700K
Integrated and fully optimized system
Smooth distribution, low aperture brightness
No pixilation
46 LPW (thermally stabilized w. power supply)
A directional LED lightsource example
Recessed downlight application examples
Legislative updatesEISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007)
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA), effective December 19th, 2007. Public Law 110-140
Builds on directives issued in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT 2005)
Instituted “Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prizes” for solid state lighting
Mandates increase in energy efficacy of general service incandescent lamps starting 2012
Directs Secretary of Energy to initiate rulemaking to establish standards for general service lamps (LEDs, OLEDs, general service incandescent lamps, CFLs) greater or equal to 45 lm/W by January 1, 2020
Authorizes a lighting research and development program of $10 Million/yr for fiscal years 2008 - 2013
EPACT 2005Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-58
EPACT 2005 directs the Secretary of Energy to;
• Carry out a “Next Generation Lighting Initiative” to support the research and development of solid-state lighting
• Develop SSL technologies based on white LEDs that are longer lasting, more energy efficient, and cost competitive to incumbent technologies
• Competitively select an Industry Alliance to represent private, for-profit firms that are representative of the US SSL research, development, infrastructure and manufacturing expertise
• Develop roadmaps in consultation with the industry alliance
»The Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA), administered by NEMA signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the DOE in February 2005 to enhance the manufacturing and commercialization of SSL technologies
Bright Tomorrow Lighting Prizes
• Government sponsored competition to spur the development of highly efficient solid state lighting products to replace the common light bulb.
• Establishes 3 categories of prizes for solid state lighting products
• Competition would include a rigorous evaluation process including performance and lifetime testing, field installations, and stress tests
60W Incandescent Replacement Lamp
PAR38 Halogen Replacement Lamp
21st Century Lamp
• More than 90 lm/W
• Less than 10 W
• More than 900 lumens
• More than 25,000 hours
• More than 90 CRI
• CCT between 2750 K to 3000K
• Award amount $10 M
• More than 123 lm/W
• Less than 11 W
• More than 1350 lumens
• More than 25,000 hours
• More than 90 CRI
• CCT between 2750 K to 3000 K
• Award amount $5 M
• More than 150 lm/W
• More than 1200 lumens
• More than 25,000 hours
• More than 90 CRI
• CCT between 2750 K to 3000 K
• Award amount $5 M
EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) General Service Incandescent Lamps Coverage and General Requirements
Covers incandescent or halogen lamps Intended for general service applications
– Medium screw base lamps– Lumen range of 310-2600 (40-100W in today’s wattages)– Capable of operating in range of 110-130V
Establishes maximum wattages for 4 specific lumen ranges, minimum rated life and CRICaps wattage on two other types
– Candelabra-base lamps at 60W– Intermediate-base lamps at 40W
Outlaws all adapters to medium screw base socketsIdentifies types not covered
– Appliance, bug, colored, infrared, marine, mine, reflector, rough service, shatter-resistant, sign, 3-way, traffic, vibration service, etc.
Establishes a watch list of 5 lamp types that may be regulated in the future
– Rough service, vibration service, 3-way, shatter-resistant and 2601-3300 lumen lamps (150W)
EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) General Service Incandescent LampNew Federal Standards
Modified spectrum (Daylight™) lumen ranges are 25% lower, same max watts
Minimum 80 CRI except for modified spectrum, which is a minimum of 75 CRI
Current Wattage
Rated Lumen Ranges
New Maximum
Rated Wattage
Minimum Rated
Lifetime
Effective Date (Manufactured
on or after)
100 1490-2600 72 1,000 hours 1/1/2012
75 1050-1489 53 1,000 hours 1/1/2013
60 750-1049 43 1,000 hours 1/1/2014
40 310-749 29 1,000 hours 1/1/2014
General Service Incandescent Lamps EISA Effect on States
California and Nevada are not pre-empted on timing
– California’s Title 20 standards effective 1/1/2008 remain in effect until the Federal standards become effective
»40W became 38W; 60W → 57W; 75W→71W; 100W→95W (5% energy savings)
– Nevada adopted legislation that called for all “general purpose lights” sold in the state to be 25 LPW by 1/1/2012
– California and Nevada may (and will) adopt the Federal standards no more than one year earlier than the Federal effective dates
»Phase-in schedule must be maintained – starts in 2011 and ends in 2013 instead of starting in 2012 and ending in 2014
All other states are preempted from enacting anything different from federal standards & federal timing
EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) General Service LampsNext DOE Rulemaking
Per EISA, to begin no later than 1/1/2014
If standards are amended, then…
– Final rule to be published not later than 1/1/2017
– Effective date not earlier than 3 years after final rule is published
“If the DOE fails to complete a rulemaking or if the final rule does not produce savings that are ≥ the savings from a minimum efficacy standard of 45 LPW, effective 1/1/2020, the Secretary shall prohibit the sale of any general service lamp that does not meet a minimum efficacy of 45 LPW.”
California may also adopt in 2018 whatever the feds set for 2020
NOTE: In 2020 any new minimum LPW standard applies to all general service lamps, not just to general service incandescent lamps.
EISA – Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) What is a general service lamp?
The term “general service lamp” includes– general service incandescent lamps (medium screw base)– compact fluorescent lamps (no base mentioned)– general service LED or OLED lamps (no base mentioned)– any other lamps DOE determines are used to satisfy lighting
applications traditionally served by general service incandescent lamps
This EISA provision could mean – General service incandescent and halogen as we know them are
gone – to be replaced by CFL and LED, or….– CFLs & LEDs will be subject to separate, higher LPW standards,
or…– Both
Barriers to adoption of LED technology in General Lighting
Consistent quality of light»Binning challenges and limitations
»CRI of some of the white light generation techniques (RGB, RGBW, RW…)
Standardization is evolving»Of terminologies
»Of performance metrics
»And eventually of light sources/systems
Initial system costs are still quite high
Continued rapid pace of change in technology
Emergence of OLEDs, other inorganic LED technologies, improvements in existing lighting technologies
Interior Lighting
LED Lighting Examples:Decorative uplighting
Lotte Adventure World, Seoul, Korea
HF2chain
Acanto, Milan , Italy
LINEARlight Colormix Flex
LED Lighting Examples:Decorative coves
General Illumination LED Examples:Cove Lighting
Jefferson Memorial, Washington DC
LINEARlight Flex
LED Lighting Examples:Display cases
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