AbdelLatif on Promoting Accountability

Lobna M. AbdelLatif

FEPS, Cairo University

Lobna.abdellatif@feps.edu.eg

Recent Developments

Positioning & Assessing I

Positioning & Assessing II

Conclusion & Way Forward

Contents

Recent Developments

Budget Law: amending budget law no. 53 for the year 1973 by law no. 87 of the year 2005

Constitution 1971: articles no. 115 and 116 in 2007

Actions: MoF , MoP

Budget Law: more transparency (2005)

Budget presentation : functional Budget structure: classification Budget components: programsBudget comprehensiveness: energy subsidyBudget discipline: caps, conditions on amendments

Constitution : openings(2007)

Discussion: more time, 3monthsRight to amend: with hard budget constraintAudit results: 6months after execution max.

Actions (2007/08…)

Monthly: The MOF Monthly Financial ReportsMid Year: The MoF’s Egyptian Economic Monitor

(Mid-Year Review)End Year: Egypt’s Final Account (Year-End Report)Yearly: Citizen Budget, First (only, partial) issue 2010

Actions

(in progress)

Presentation: Spatial, Chapter 6 (MoP)

Presentation: Programs, Chapter 6 (MoP)

Presentation: Central/Local, Decentralization (MoF&MoP)

Positioning& Assessing I

IMF, OECD

Transparency Framework

Positioning& Assessing I

Reference

Systems of Responsibility

Comprehensiveness of Budget Presentation

Fiscal Risks Disclosure

Integrity and accountability Assurance

Publication of all budget documentation and fiscal information

Assessing

Quasi Fiscal Activities

Whole Government Framework, pre budget statement

Financial management& fiscal gimmicks

Cash/accrual

CAO role

Positioning& Assessing II

Transparency:

Why

Whom

How

Informing citizens

Answerability

Improve resource allocation

Responsiveness

Holding the government accountable

Accountability

Voicing the opinion of citizens

Democracy

Why Transparency

Government Effectiveness

Statistical Table: Government Effectiveness, Comparison across selected countries

Country Sources Year Percentile Rank (0-100)

Governance Score (-2.5 to +2.5)

Standard Error

EGYPT, ARAB REP.

10

2011 32.2 -0.60 0.18

10

2010 40.7 -0.43 0.18

10

2009 45.0 -0.34 0.18

10

2008 41.3 -0.44 0.18

10

2007 39.8 -0.45 0.18

10

2006 34.6 -0.55 0.17

8

2005 41.0 -0.39 0.17

8

2004 48.3 -0.23 0.17

7

2003 44.9 -0.30 0.17

7

2002 40.0 -0.40 0.17

6

2000 49.8 -0.16 0.19

6

1998 48.8 -0.17 0.19

4

1996 47.8 -0.21 0.24

90th-100th Percentile 50th-75th Percentile 10th-25th Percentile

75th-90th Percentile 25th-50th Percentile 0th-10th Percentile

Source : Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi

(2010), The Worldwide Governance Indicators:

Methodology and Analytical Issues ,

Voice and Accountability

Country Sources Year Percentile Rank (0-100)

Governance Score (-2.5 to +2.5)

Standard Error

EGYPT, ARAB REP.

15

2011 16.0 -1.13 0.11

16

2010 13.7 -1.18 0.11

16

2009 14.2 -1.16 0.11

15

2008 13.9 -1.21 0.11

15

2007 15.4 -1.16 0.11

15

2006 14.4 -1.20 0.11

13

2005 22.1 -0.95 0.14

12

2004 21.2 -0.95 0.14

9

2003 19.2 -1.08 0.16

9

2002 18.8 -1.08 0.16

7

2000 24.5 -0.79 0.21

5

1998 24.0 -0.82 0.23

5

1996 24.0 -0.76 0.22

90th-100th Percentile 50th-75th Percentile 10th-25th Percentile

75th-90th Percentile 25th-50th Percentile 0th-10th Percentile

Source : Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi

(2010), The Worldwide Governance Indicators:

Methodology and Analytical Issues ,

Egypt 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Total Outlays32.1 29.2 34.5 36.1 30.3

General Public Services 7.8 7.3 8.8 8.5 8.7

Defence 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.0

Public Order and Safety 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5

Economic Affairs 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.2

Environmental Protection 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Housing and Community Amenities 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.7

Health 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4

Recreation, Culture, and Religion 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2

Education 4.5 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.7

Social Protection

Source: (IMF, GFS)

9.8 7.9 10.5 12.1 7.8

Outlays by Function%GDP

Transparency For Whom

Fiscal Stance

Facilitate Government work

Supply Side

Democracy

Facilitate citizen engagement

Demand Side

How: Mechanism for engagement

Creating a substance for dialogue

Data vs. information

Line items vs. programs

MTF

Creating an opening for dialogue

Widening the room for dialogue

Empowering legally the dialogue

Transparency (content)

Budget cycle (way)

How: Mechanism for engagement…..

Support system:

Information

Freedom of information

Culture of archiving/ requesting/ using information

Capacity to communicate with information

CAO role to assess the quality of public spending

CSOs: economic&social rights, community development

Conclusion &Way Forward

Transparency works for Democracy

Complete reform agendaPerformance based budgeting

Freedom of Information law

NGOs Law

Budget cycle

Financial management

CAO

Thank You