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4.01 Accounting and Finance
What is Accounting?
• Method of
reporting financial
activity of a
business
• Financial
transactions
recorded in an
orderly fashion
Accounting Equation
Assets =
Liabilities +
Owner’s
Equity
Assets
Anything ofValue
owned by the Business
Cash /
Accounts
Receivable Office
Equipment
Building /
Real Estate
Company
Cars
Office
Furniture
Office Supplies
Liabilities
Money owed by the business
Accounts Payable
Mortgage Payable
Office Supply Store Utilities Corporation
Taxes Due
Financial Statements
• Financial Statements• Written reports that describe the
financial health of a company; prepared regularly on quarterly and annual basis.
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Statement of Change in Owner’s Equity
Financial Statements, cont.
• Balance Sheet
• Reports assets,
liabilities, and
owner’s equity
on a certain
date
• Assets• Anything of value
that is owned by the
business.
• Liabilities• Money owed by the
business (debts,
accounts payable)
• Owner’s Equity• Net worth of the
business
Financial Statements, cont.
• Income Statement• Financial Statement
of a business that reports the revenue, expenses and the net income (loss) of a business for the fiscal period.
• Revenue• Amount of money that a
company earns
• Expenses• Costs of maintaining
and operating a business.
• Income/Profit• Results when a
business’s income is greater than its expenses.
• Loss• Results when a
business’s expenses are greater than its income.
• Fiscal Period• Specific period of time
covered by an accounting statement or report (1 month or year)
Financial Statements, cont.
• Statement of
Change in
Owner’s Equity• Financial Statement
of a business that
reports the changes
that have occurred in
the owner’s equity
account during the
fiscal period.
Accounting Activitiesrelated to orderly record-keeping of financial information
• Recording daily
transactions
• Preparing financial
statements
• Paying bills
• Preparing payroll
checks
• Preparing tax forms
• Auditing financial
records
• Examining financial
records for accuracy and
compliance with
regulations
• Reconciling the
checkbook
• Bringing the checkbook
into agreement with
bank statement
•What are other accounting activities?
Banking Activitiesoccur in banks, credit unions and savings and loans
• Accepting deposits and processing withdrawals
• Preparing money orders and cashiers checks
• Opening new accounts for customers
• Processing loan applications
•What are other banking activities?
Finance Activitiesare related to investments and managing finances
• Analyzing budgets
• Buying and selling
stock and other
securities
• Consulting with
businesses on
financial matters
• Counseling investors
• Selling
insurance
• Managing the
finances for the
entire company
•What are other finance activities?
Finance Careers
• Financial Manager
• Top level professional who may have final responsibility for aspects of a business’ financial activity
• Accountant
• Professional who produces and examines financial records, prepares financial reports and tax returns; may give budget, tax or investment advice to company/customer
Finance Careers, cont.
• Certified Public Accountant (CPA)
• Accountants who meet specific educational requirements and pass a national examination
• Auditor
• Professional whose work involves checking on the accuracy of work completed by bookkeepers and accountants
• Bank Teller
• Bank employee who handles deposits, withdrawals, selling travelers check, accepting loan payments, preparing money orders
Check your understanding!
1. ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNER’S EQUITY.
a. Payroll Record
b. Budget
c. Accounting Equation
2. Money owed by the business (debts, accounts payable)
a. Revenue
b. Liabilities
c. Assets
3. Anything of of value that is owned by the
business
a. Revenue
b. Loss
c. Assets
4. Net worth of the business
a. Liabilities
b. Owner’s Equity
c. Revenue
Check your understanding!1. ASSETS = LIABILITIES + OWNER’S EQUITY.
a. Payroll Record
b. Budget
c. Accounting Equation
2. Money owed by the business (debts, accounts payable)
a. Revenue
b. Liabilities
c. Assets
3. Anything of value that is owned by the business
a. Revenue
b. Loss
c. Assets
4. Net worth of the business
a. Liabilities
b. Owner’s Equity
c. Revenue
4.01 Accounting Careers
What do Accountants do?
• Track companies’ expenses
• Prepare, analyze and verify financial documents
• Look for ways to run businesses more efficiently
• Keep public records
• Make sure taxes are paid properly
Public Accountants
•Perform audits
•Prepare taxes for corporations, government agencies, nonprofits and individuals
Management Accountants
Management accountants are members of the executive team who
•Record and analyze information about budgets, costs and assets
•Support strategic planning or product development
•Write financial reports for stockholders, creditors or government agencies.
Government Accountants
• Maintain and examine government records
• Audit private businesses or individuals on the government's behalf
Internal Auditors
• Are fiscal “police officers”
• Verify the accuracy of an organization's financial records
• Look for waste, mismanagement and fraud.
Job Outlook in Accounting
• CPA accountants will continue to be in high demand, especially as states increase the education and experience requirements for the certification.
• Certified Management Accountants and those with MBAs will also fare well.
Job Outlook in Accounting
• Having a specialty, such as information systems, government regulation or international business, will help you land a job.
• Those without a degree or certification and those vying for the upper-most echelons of accounting will find keen competition for jobs.
Education Requirements• A bachelor's degree is
the minimum requirement, and to advance, you'll need additional certification or graduate-level education.
• Those in the accounting field can earn the Certified Public Accountant designation by meeting experience and educational requirements and passing an exam.
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