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Review!
Strata and Rocks
There are many
different kinds of
rocks.
How are they formed? How
old are they?
Where do they come from?
A stratum is a horizontal layer of
material (rocks) especially one of
several parallel layers arranged,
one on top of the other.
Remember Parallel
from our math
lessons?
In mountains and cliffs, You can see many
different types of rocks that create the strata,
layered on top of each other
This can tell us a story that is anywhere
from thousands to BILLIONS of years old.
In this picture, you can see the different
colours, created by different types of rocks.
One type of rock you see is called
sedimentary.
Sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the
stratification of sediment.
Sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the
stratification of sediment.
…What is stratification?
Sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the
stratification of sediment.
Stratification is the formation or deposition of
layers as seen in sedimentary rock.
Sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the
stratification of sediment.
Stratification is the formation or deposition of
layers as seen in sedimentary rock.
…what is sediment?
Sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the
stratification of sediment.
Stratification is the formation or deposition of
layers as seen in sedimentary rock.
Sediment is material that has been broken into
tiny particles by weathering or erosion.
Different forces will transport the particles.
Sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the
stratification of sediment.
Stratification is the formation or deposition of
layers as seen in sedimentary rock.
Sediment is material that has been broken into
tiny particles by weathering or erosion.
Different forces will transport the particles.
The particles can be organic or inorganic.
Sedimentary rock is a rock formed by the
stratification of sediment.
SO. Sedimentary rock is made when tiny
particles are carried and then dropped into a
layer of rock, called stratification.
Organic
Inorganic
Strata are always formed horizontally.
Why?
Strata are always formed horizontally.
Because of gravity.
Gravity keeps everything
leveled across the surface,
by pushing everything
down.
But Sometimes, you see
something like this…
This is not horizontal…
This shows that other, HUGE forces
change the position of the rocks…
Even mountains..
The movement inside the earth
will push the rocks upwards,
over, upside down, break them
in half, bend them and twist
them until a whole unique story
has been made.
Strata can become:
Inclined, Vertical, Curved or Broken
Which one is which?
Inclined, Vertical, Curved or Broken
Ok, Next…
There are different
names for different
kinds of rocks.
Here are some
examples.
Pelite
Pelite
Conglomerate
Conglomerate
Sandstone
Sandstone
Shale
Shale
Limestone
Limestone
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Pelite
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Limestone
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Sandstone
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Shale
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Let’s review:
Which rock is this?
Conglomerate
Ok great. Now
let’s answer the
questions on
page 42.
There are three groups of rocks that are made on earth,
in space and in the universe.
These are called:
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Once you understand these, it will be easy to find out the
story of any rocks.
Igneous - Igneous means ‘born of
fire’.
Can anybody guess where igneous
rocks come from?
Sedimentary - We already
studied this, so where
would we find these
rocks?
Metamorphic - This word means
‘changing’.
To change a rock, you need a LOT of
heat and a LOT of pressure, and of
course, time.
Where would these
be?
Here are some examples of the rocks
Sedimentary
Here are some examples of the rocks
Igneous
Here are some examples of the rocks
Metamorphic
?
?
Here are some examples of the rocks
Igneous
So:
Igneous rocks are made from the liquid, molten
lava from deep inside the earth.
Sedimentary rocks are made from lots of tiny
sediments that lay on top of each other from
deposition.
Metamorphic rocks are made when rocks are
pushed and heated together so much, that they
change into something else.
This metamorphic rock looks like a
sedimentary rock!
Why?
This metamorphic rock looks like a
sedimentary rock!
Why?
If a sedimentary rock
is pushed and
heated, the
materials and
minerals will change,
but the pattern will
stay the same.
So if you want to learn about the history
of the earth, you just need to remember:
Igneous – Fire rocks
Sedimentary – Layered rocks
Metamorphic – Changed rocks
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